Ledgers 和 Journals
Ledgers 在簿記上是分類賬的意思,可以和其他詞匯搭配,構成許多會計詞匯。如ledger accounts(分類賬戶)、general ledger(總分類賬)、subsidiary ledger(明細分類賬)等。例如:
1. Ledger accounts are used to record business transactions' effect on an accounting entity.
分類賬戶被用來記錄交易對會計主體的影響。
2. A ledger account is simply a record of changes (increase and decrease)and balances in value of a specific accounting item.
分類賬戶不過是特定會計項目價值的變動(增加與減少)和結余的記錄。
3. The general ledger is the book used to list all the accounts established by an organization.
總分類賬是一本列出一個單位所設立的全部帳戶的賬本。
4. Further simplification of the general ledger is brought about by the use of subsidiary ledger.
使用明細分類賬使總分類帳更加簡化明了。
5.The advantages of subsidiary ledger are as following:(1)reduces ledger detail ;(2)permits better division of labor;(3)permits a different sequence of accounts;(4)permits better internal control。
明細分類賬的優點如下;(1)減少分類賬的細節;(2)使勞動分工更合理;(3)允許不同的賬戶排序(4)便于更好地內部控制。
Journal 比較常用的意思是“日記、日志;雜志、刊物”,如keep a journal (記日志)、a ship's journal (航海日志),a monthly journal (月刊),單詞 diary 也有“日記”的意思,但journal 比 diary 更強調“正式記錄”。Journal 在會計詞匯上的意思是“日記賬”。例如:
1. In a western accounting system ,the information about each business transaction is initially recorded in an accounting record called a Journal.
在西方會計體系中,有關每筆經濟交易的資料最初是記在一本叫做“日記賬”的會計賬上。
2. A journal is a chronological(arrange in order of time ) record of business transactions.
日記賬是對經濟交易的序時(即按時間的順序)記錄。
3. In a journal entry, the debits and credits for given transaction are recorded together, but when the transaction is recorded in the ledger, the debits and credits are entered in different accounts.
在日記帳上記賬時,既定交易的借方和貸方一起被記錄,但在分類賬記錄中,一筆交易的借方和貸方進入不同的賬戶中。
4. A journal may be a general journal or it may be a group of special journals.
日記賬可以是一本通用日記賬,也可以是一組特種日記賬。