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1.substrate n.底土層，底土(subsoil)
詞根記憶：sub(下面)+strate(層)--下面一層--底土層
例：a substrate of clay粘土層
2.subtle a．細微的(delicate)
例：Coral reefs are sensitive to subtle changes in nutrient input to their waters.
派生詞：subtly( ad.敏銳地：精巧地)
3.subtract v.(from)減，減去(to deduct)
詞根記憶：sub(下面)+tract(拉)--拉到下面--減去
例：Tom subtracted the smaller number from the larger number.
派生詞：subtraction(n．減法)
4.subtraction n．減法：減少(an act, operation, or instance of subtracting)
詞根記憶：來自subtract(v.減去，扣掉)
例：subtraction formula 減法公式
同根詞：subtract(v.減去，扣掉)
5.succession n．連續(sequence);繼位（the right of a person or line to succeed）；【生】自然演替(unidirectional change in the composition of an ecosystem as the available competing organisms and especially the plants respond to and modify the environment)
詞根記憶：success(接替)+ion--接替發生--連續
例：in succession連續//plant succession植物的自然演替
同根詞：successive(a．連續的)；successor(n.繼任者;繼承人)
6.sue v.向…起訴，提起訴訟(to seek justice or right from a person, etc., by legal process)
發音記憶：“訴”--起訴
例：In 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $750,000.
7.sufficiency n．足量，充足（the quality or state of being sufficient）
詞根記憶：來自sufficient(a．足夠的，充分的)
例：Participation in the workplace and economic self-sufficiency, they, believed, would make women socially useful and therefore deserving of equality with men.
8.sufficient a．足夠的(enough to meet the needs)
詞根記憶：來自suffice(v.使滿足：有能力)
例：Some areas of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere do not contain sufficient nutrients to support large seaweed farms.
派生詞：sufficiency(n．足夠，充足)；sufficiently( ad.充分地)
9.suffrage n．選舉權，投票權(the right of voting)
詞根記憶：suf+frage(裹示擁護的喧鬧聲)--投票權
例：It was stronger than their commitment to the suffrage struggle.
派生詞：suffragist(n．婦女政權論者)
adj. 法律的，合法的，法定的
