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1.subsidiary n．子公司(a company wholly controlled by another)；a．附屬的（affiliated）
聯想記憶：sub（在下面）+sid（坐）+iary--坐在下面的公司--子公司
例：a subsidiary of a Chicago firm 一家芝加哥公司的子公司
2.subsidize v.補助，資助(to furnish with a subsidy)
例：Government has proposed 2 million dollars to subsidize private medical schools.
派生詞：subsidization(n．補助，資助)
3.subsidy n.津貼，補助(a grant or gift of money)
聯想記憶：sub(下面)+sid(坐)+y--坐在下面領補助--津貼，補助
例：This company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad.
4.subsistence n．生存，生計(the minimum as of food and shelter necessary to support life)
詞根記憶：來自subsist(v.生存)
例：Peasants living in the mountain areas were barely able to ensure their own subsistence.//subsistence farming自給農業
5.substance n.實質(essence)；物質(material)
詞根記憶：sub（下面）+stan(站)+ce--站在下面的--實質
例：The teacher discussed the substance of the author's works.//An antigen is a substance foreign to the organism's body.
6.substantial a.實際的(real);大量的(ample)
詞根記憶：來自substance(n．實質;物質)
例：substantial increase實際增長//That small company made substantial investments in new plants, staff and equipment.
派生詞：substantially( ad.大量地)
7.substantiate v.證實，證明（to verify）
詞根記憶：sub(下面)+stant(站)+iate--可以立足的--證實
例：The researchers substantiated their figures with census data.
派生詞：unsubstantiated(a．未證實的，無根據的)
8.substitute n.代替品(a person or thing that takes the place or function of another);v.(for)代替．替代(to replace)
詞根記憶：sub(下面)+stitute(建立)--可以放在下面來用的--代替品
例：No acceptable substitute for this material exists.//Some governments substituted living allowances for their employees' paychecks.
派生詞：substitution(n．代替；替代)
9.substitution n.代替(replacement of one mathematical entity by another of equal value);替代物(one that is substituted for another)
詞根記憶：來自substitute(v.替代)
例：Their substitution for more traditional fertilizers may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion.
同根詞：institute(v.制定，建想立)
vt. 加速，提前，跳級
vi. 加速
