評論
打印
一、現在完成時考點
現在完成時主要有兩種用法，即持續性用法(或叫未完成用法)和影響性用法(或叫已完成用法)。持續性用法表示動作發生于過去，但在過去并未完成，而是從過去一直持續到現在，此時多半會連用表示持續性的時間狀語；后者指的是動作發生于過去，且在過去已經完成，但這個過去發生的動作對現在有影響，而說話者正好要強調的就是這個影響，此時一般沒有明顯的時間狀語，主要通過上下文來理解。如：
1. Years ago we didn't know this, but recent science _________ that people who don't sleep well soon get ill. (廣東卷)
A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing
【分析】答案選 B。由表示對照的Years ago和recent可知，“以前不知”，但“現在已經證明了”，所以用現在完成時。
2. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _________ that they won't support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. (湖北卷)
A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide
【分析】答案選B。因賓語從句中的時態是一般將來時，主句中的謂語動詞不可能是過去時態，排除選項A和C；由語境判斷，不是“將要決定”，而是“現在已經決定”，所以排除D，而選B 。
另外，同學們還要特別注意以下這些習慣上要與現在完成時連用的短語和句型：so far(到目前為止)，since(自從)，in [for, during] the past [last]...years(在過去…年中)，by now (到現在為止)，up to [until] now (到現在為止)，It's [will be] the first time that...(第一次……)等。如：
3. My brother is an actor. He _________in several film so far. (浙江卷)
A. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing
【分析】答案選 C。so far(到目前為止)通常與現在完成時連用。
4. The country life he was used to _________ greatly since 1992. (山東卷)
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
【分析】答案選 B。since 1992這類時間狀語通常與現在完成時連用。主句主語是the country life，句中he was used to是省略了關系代詞that的定語從句。
二、過去完成時考點
過去完成時是一種相對時態，即以某一過去時間作參照，過去完成時表示的動作發生在這一過去時間的更過去，所以我們可以簡單地用“過去的過去”這五個字來理解過去完成時態。如：
1. He _________more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. (北京卷)
A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned
【分析】答案選 D。因為上大學是過去，學了五千個英語單詞是在上大學之前，即“過去的過去”，所以用過去完成時。
2. When the old man _________ to walk back to his house, the sun _________ itself behind the mountain. (湖北卷)
A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid
【分析】答案選 A。根據句意，“開始回房子”發生在過去，“太陽落山”是在“開始回房子”之前，故過去的過去。
3. Father _________for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn't see him. (福建卷)
A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left
【分析】答案選 D。根據“我沒見到他”可知，“在我到達”前“父親已經去倫敦”了，即父親去倫敦發生在“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時。
4. The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _________ placed under the Minister's car. (廣東卷)
A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be
【分析】答案選 C。因為這個小盒子“被放在部長車下”發生在“引起警察注意”之前，即“過去的過去”，所以用過去完成時。
5. "Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate." "Oh ! I thought they _________ without me." (江西卷)
A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone
【分析】答案選D。因為thought(原以為)用的是過去時，所以他們“走了”就是“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時。
