What we are driving at is this: "Importances is a judgment people make. Of course, there are some events—the assassination of a president, an earthquake, etc.-that have near universal interest and consequences. But most news does not inhere in the event. An event becomes news. And it becomes news because it is selected for notice out of the buzzing, booming confusion around us. This may seem a fairly obvious point but keep in mind that many people believe that the news is always out there, waiting to be gathered or collected. In fact, the news is more often made rather than I gathered. And it is made on the basis of what the journalist thinks is important or what the journalist thinks the audience thinks is important or interesting. It can get pretty complicated. Is a story about a killing in Northern Ireland more important than one about a killing in Morocco? The journalist might not think so, but the audience might.
我們旨在說明如下一點：“重要性”是由人決定的。當然，有一些大事一總統遭刺殺、地震等等——會得到幾乎全球的關注，其帶來的后果也是全球性的。但是大多數新聞不具備這個特點。一個事件變成一件新聞，是因為我們從周遭的一片混沌中把它挑選出來使其成為新聞。這點非常明顯，但要注意，很多人認為新聞就在那里，我們要做的只是把它們搜集報道出來而已。但事實上，新聞是做出來的，而不是搜集出來的。不僅如此，新聞是基于記者的理念之上做出來，記者認為重要的，或者他們認為讀者會覺得重要又有趣的事情才會加以報道。這個過程很復雜。發生在北愛爾蘭的殺戮比在摩洛哥的更重要嗎？記者也許不這樣想，但讀者可能這樣想。
Which story will become the news? And once selected what point of view and details are to be included? After all, once a journalist has chosen an event to be news, he or she must also choose what is worth seeing, what is worth neglecting, and what is worth remembering or forgetting. This is simply another way of saying that every news story is a reflection of the reporter who tells the story. The reporters's previous assumptions about what is "out there" edit what he or she thinks is there. For example, many journalists believe that what is called "the Intifada" is newsworthy. Let us suppose that a fourteen-year-old Palestinian boy hurls a Molotov cocktail at two eighteen-year-old Israeli soldiers. The explosion knocks one of the soldiers down and damages his left eye. The other soldier, terrified, fires a shot at the Palestinian that kills him instantly. The injured soldier eventually loses the sight of his eye. What details should be included in reporting this event? Is the age of the Palestinian relevant? Are the ages of the Israeli soldiers relevant? Is the injury to the soldier relevant? Was the act of the Palestinian provoked by the mere presence of Israeli soldiers? Was the act therefore justified? Is the shooting justified? Is the state of mind of the shooter relevant?
那么哪個事件可以作為新聞？一旦選定，什么樣的觀點和細節應該包含其中？歸根結底，記者選定要報道的新聞后，還要思考什么值得報道，什么需要舍棄，什么值得紀念，什么需要忘記。每一個新聞故事都反映出說這個故事的記者本人。記者原來對前去采訪的地方會遇到什么情況的種種假設，會對他或她在那里的所見所聞進行編纂或刪減。例如，很多記者認為所謂的“巴勒斯坦人暴動”有新聞價值。讓我們假設一個十四歲的巴勒斯坦少年向兩個十八歲以色列士兵投擲莫洛托夫燃燒彈，爆炸擊倒了其中一位士兵并傷及他的左眼。另一位受到驚嚇的士兵立即舉槍射殺了這位少年。受傷士兵最終失去了他的左眼。在報道這起事件的時候，到底要包含什么細節？巴勒斯坦少年的年紀需要報道嗎？那兩位士兵的年紀呢？士兵所受的傷害呢？少年僅僅看到士兵就憤怒傷人這件事要報道嗎？他的行為正當與否呢？射殺他的行為呢？射擊他的士兵的心理狀態呢？
來源:可可英語 http://www.ccdyzl.cn/daxue/202003/606927.shtml
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