Mao has a round face, with eyes behind rectangular wire-frame glasses. Since graduating, he has been living with his parents, who emigrated from China when Mao was eight years old. His mother is a manicurist; his father is a physical therapist's aide. Lately, Mao has been making the familiar hour-and-a-half ride from Flushing to downtown Manhattan to tutor a white Stuyvesant freshman.
毛,圓臉,戴一副長方形金屬框眼鏡。畢業后,他和父母住在一起。他們全家在毛八歲的時候從中國移民到了美國。母親是一名美甲師,父親是助理理療師。最近,毛經常搭乘從法拉盛到曼哈頓市區這段再熟悉不過的一個半小時的地鐵,為一名史岱文森髙中一年級白人學生輔導功課。
Entrance to Stuyvesant, one of the most competitive public high schools in the country, is determined solely by performance on a test: the top 3.7 percent of all New York City students who take the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test hoping to go to Stuyvesant are accepted. There are no set-asides for the underprivileged or, conversely, for alumni or other privileged groups. There is no formula to encourage "diversity" or any nebulous concept of "well-roundedness" or "character." Here we have something like pure meritocracy. This is what it looks like: Asian Americans, who make up 12.6 percent of New York City, make up 72 percent of the high school.
史岱文森高中是美國競爭最激烈的公立高中之一,錄取完全依據考試成績:在參加特殊髙中入學考試的所有紐約市學生中,只有成績排名在前37%的考生才能被錄取。學校不會留出名額給貧困學生,另一方面,也不會對校友及特權群體加以照顧。學校的招生政策并不鼓勵“多元化”或者“全面發展”“個性”這樣模糊不清的觀念。學校純粹以成績決定一切。其結果就是亞裔人口在紐約市的比例為126%,而在這所高中卻占到了72%。
This year, 569 Asian Americans scored high enough to earn a slot at Stuyvesant, along with 179 whites, 13 Hispanics, and 12 blacks. Such dramatic overrepresentation, and what it may be read to imply about the intelligence of different groups of New Yorkers, has a way of making people uneasy. But intrinsic intelligence, of course, is precisely what Asians don't believe in. They believe—and have proved—that the constant practice of test taking will improve the scores of whoever commits to it. All throughout Flushing, as well as in Bayside, one can find "cram schools," or storefront academies, that drill students in test preparation after school, on weekends, and during summer break. "Learning math is not about learning math," an instructor at one called Ivy Prep was quoted in The New York Times as saying, "It's about weightlifting. You are pumping the iron of math." Mao puts it more specifically: You learn quite simply to nail any standardized test you take."
今年有569名亞裔學生憑借高分被史岱文森高中錄取,一起被錄取的還有179名白人、13名拉美裔和12名黑人。如此夸張的比例以及可能會對紐約不同種族智力水平的暗示,總會引起人們的不安。但是,亞裔恰恰并不相信天賦。他們相信,并已通過實踐證明,任何人只要依靠不斷的考試練習就能提高分數。在法拉盛以及貝賽徳,到處都可以找到“填鴨學校”或是各種小規模的補習學校,利用放學后、周末和暑假時間培訓學生的應試技巧。引用常春藤預備學校的一名老師接受《紐約時報》采訪時所說的一句話:“學習數學不只是學習數學這么簡單,它是在舉重。你在鍛煉著你的數學二頭肌。”毛更加簡明扼要地說,“學習就是為了搞定你要參加的任何標準化考試。”