評論
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Putting it broadly, we should always suspect any of our opinions when we recognize that our happiness depends, directly or indirectly, upon our continuing to hold them—when we might lose anything, material or otherwise, by changing our opinion.
從廣義上說，當我們認識到自己的幸福直接或間接地取決于能否繼續堅持自己的觀點--如果我們改變觀點可能會失去某種東西，包括物質或其他方面的利益時--我們就應該總是對這樣的觀點持懷疑態度。
Somewhat similar is the acceptance of an opinion through the desire—probably not recognized by the person concerned—to justify his own nature, his own position, or his own behavior. The coward can so easily adopt a philosophy which seems to justify cowardice—though, of course, "cowardice" is not the name he gives it! The lazy and bungling person can adopt a set of opinions which prove to his satisfaction that "the grapes are sour"—the "grapes" being the rewards that more energetic and competent men can win.
與此有幾分相似的情況是因渴望證明自己的本質、地位或行為是正當的而接受某種觀點，盡管他自己很可能并沒有意識到這點。懦夫會很容易接受一種似乎為懦弱辯護的哲學——但是，當然，他絕不會用“懦弱”這個詞！懶惰而笨拙的人會接受一套讓自己滿意的觀點來證明“葡萄是酸的”--而“葡萄”就是那些更加精明能干的人獲取的回報。
Many groundless opinions are held through sentimental associations. The thought is associated with memories—pleasant or unpleasant as the case may be—of particular persons who held similar opinions. It is found that many a man who in childhood was hostile to his father, in after life is always prejudiced against whatever opinions his father used to express. And conversely in the case of one who has pleasant recollections of his father, his mother, a teacher perhaps, or some other person who played a big part in his early life.
許多毫無根據的觀點由于情感聯想而為人所有。思維與有著相同觀點的人群的記憶有關聯--不管這些記憶令人高興或令人不悅。人們發現，許多在童年時代對父親懷有敵意的人在以后的生活中總是對父親曾表達過的任何看法都有成見。不過，如果一個人對自己的父親、母親，或許是老師，或對其早期生活有很大影響的其他人擁有美好記憶的話，情況則相反。
