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The Needs That Drive Us All
推動我們所有人前進的需求
William Glasser
威廉·格拉瑟
All living creatures are driven by the basic need to stay alive and reproduce so that the species will continue. As creatures have evolved from simple to complex, they have developed additional basic needs.... Humans not only need (1) to survive and reproduce, but also (2) to belong and love, (3) to gain power, (4) to be free and (5) to have fun. All five needs are built into our genetic structure as instructions for how we must attempt to live our lives. All are important and must be reasonably satisfied if we are to fulfill our biological destiny. I italicize the need for power because, unlike the other four needs that are shared to some extent by many higher animals, the way we continually struggle for power in every aspect of our lives seems uniquely human.
所有生物都被生存與繁衍這樣的基本需求所驅(qū)使，因而生物物種得以不斷延續(xù)。隨著生物由簡單到復雜的進化，他們同時也產(chǎn)生了其他的基本需求……人類不僅需要（1）生存和繁衍，同時還需要（2）歸屬與愛、（3）權力、（4）自由和（5）快樂。這五種需求已融入到了我們的基因結構中，并指導我們必須怎樣試圖過好自己的生活。這五種需求都很重要，如果我們要過完一生，這些需求就必須得到合理的滿足。我將對權力的需求寫成斜體，是因為其他四種需求是很多高等動物共有的，與之不同的是，在生活的方方面面對權力的不懈追求似乎是人類所特有的需求。
We are also born with no choice but to feel pain when a need is frustrated, and pleasure when it is satisfied. The quicker and more severe the frustration, the more pain we feel; the quicker and deeper the satisfaction, the more pleasure we experience.
我們生來就沒有選擇的余地，當某種需求未被滿足時，我們會感到痛苦；而當某一種需求得到滿足時，我們就會感到快樂。挫折來得越快、越嚴重，就越覺得痛苦；滿足感來得越快、越深切，我們就越快樂。
Simple survival needs like hunger, thirst, and sexual desire are relatively clear-cut, and we quickly learn what particular discomfort is attached to the denial of these basic needs. When we attempt to satisfy the non-essential psychological needs, such as belonging, fun, freedom, and especially power, we run into more difficulty.
簡單的生存需求，諸如饑餓、口渴和性欲是相對明確的，我們很快就能發(fā)現(xiàn)不滿足其中的某種需求會帶來怎樣的不適。當我們試圖去滿足一些非基本的精神需求時，諸如歸屬感、樂趣、自由、特別是權力時，我們碰到了更多的麻煩。
