評(píng)論
打印
For anxiety, as we have come to use it to describe our characteristic state of mind, can be contrasted with the active fear of hunger, loss, violence, and death. Anxiety is the appropriate emotion when the immediate personal terror — of a volcano, an arrow, the sorcerer's spell, a stab in the back and other calamities, all directed against one's self — disappears.
因?yàn)橛脕?lái)描述我們特有的心態(tài)的焦慮，是與饑餓、損失、暴力和死亡帶來(lái)的活生生的恐懼感相對(duì)照的。焦慮是在迫在眉睫的個(gè)人恐懼——一切直接針對(duì)人身的災(zāi)禍，如火山爆發(fā)、箭、術(shù)士的符咒、背后捅一刀——消失后才出現(xiàn)的一種相宜的情緒。
This is not to say that there isn't plenty to worry about in our world of today. The explosion of a bomb in the streets of a city whose name no one had ever heard before may set in motion forces which end up by ruining one's carefully planned education in law school, half a world away. But there is still not the personal, immediate, active sense of impending disaster that the savage knows. There is rather the vague anxiety, the sense that the future is unmanageable.
這并不是說(shuō)在我們當(dāng)今的世界上就沒(méi)有諸多讓人憂(yōu)慮的事。一枚炸彈在一個(gè)過(guò)去從來(lái)沒(méi)人聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的城市的街道上爆炸，就可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些勢(shì)力活躍起來(lái)，結(jié)果使自己精心設(shè)計(jì)的去地球另一邊就讀法學(xué)院的計(jì)劃告吹。但是這仍然不是未開(kāi)化的人所體會(huì)到的那種個(gè)人的、直接的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的、迫在眉睫的災(zāi)難感，而是一種相當(dāng)模糊的焦慮，一種認(rèn)為未來(lái)無(wú)法控制的感覺(jué)。
The kind of world that produces anxiety is actually a world of relative safety, a world inwhich no one feels that he himself is facing sudden death. Possibly sudden death may strikea certain number of unidentified other people — but not him. The anxiety exists as an uneasy state of mind, in which one has a feeling that something unspecified and undeterminable may go wrong. If the world seems to be going well, this produces anxiety — for good times may end. If the world is going badly — it may get worse. Anxiety tends to be without focus; the anxious person doesn't know whether to blame himself or other people. He isn't sure whether it is the current year or the Administration or a change in climate or the atom bomb that is to blame for this undefined sense of unease.
產(chǎn)生焦慮的世界實(shí)際上是一個(gè)相對(duì)安全的世界，一個(gè)沒(méi)有人感到他自己面臨著突然死亡的世界。也許突然死亡會(huì)落到一定數(shù)量的身份不明的其他人身上——但不是他自己。焦慮是一種不安的思想狀態(tài)，處在這種思想狀態(tài)的人會(huì)感到某種說(shuō)不清、確不定的事情可能會(huì)出差錯(cuò)。如果這個(gè)世界的情況顯得不錯(cuò)，這會(huì)產(chǎn)生焦慮——因?yàn)楹萌兆涌赡軙?huì)結(jié)束。如果世道不好——那還可能變得更糟。焦慮常常沒(méi)有中心；焦慮的人不知道是該責(zé)怪自己還是責(zé)怪他人。他吃不準(zhǔn)到底是什么引起這種無(wú)可名狀的不安心情，是今年的運(yùn)道還是政府，是氣候變化還是因?yàn)樵訌棥?/p>
