二十國領導人峰會閉幕 金融體系改革拉開序幕
World leaders vow to undertake coordinated action to tackle financial crisis

面對世界經濟和國際金融市場異常嚴峻的挑戰，在華盛頓出席金融市場和世界經濟峰會的二十國集團領導人１５日發表宣言承諾，加強合作，努力恢復全球增長，實現世界金融體系的必要改革，防止類似危機再次發生。此間輿論普遍認為，這次峰會為改革國際金融體系拉開了序幕。

　　Leaders from the world's major developed and emerging economies agreed here on Saturday to undertake a coordinated action to tackle the ongoing global financial crisis and explore measures to prevent similar crisis in the future.

　　DETERMINATION AND REFORMS

　　"We are determined to enhance our cooperation and work together to restore global growth and achieve needed reforms in the world's financial system," said the leaders in a declaration issued at theG20 summit on financial markets and world economy, which is held Saturday in Washington.

　　"Our work will be guided by a shared belief that market principles, open trade and investment regimes, and effectively regulated financial markets foster the dynamism, innovation, and entrepreneurship that are essential for economic growth, employment, and poverty reduction," the declaration said.

　　The Washington summit, held amid serious challenges to the world economy and financial markets, was the first time for the Group of 20 since it was founded in 1999.

　　The group consists of the world's major developed and emerging economies which accounting for 85 percent to 90 percent of the world's total economy and about two-thirds of the world's population.

　　As widely expected before the summit, the leaders vowed to implement reforms in order to strengthen financial markets and regulatory regimes so as to avoid future crisis.

　　Intensified international cooperation among regulator and strengthening of international standards and their consistent implementation is necessary to protect against adverse cross-border, regional and global developments affecting international financial stability, according to the leaders.

　　"Regulators must ensure that their actions support market discipline, avoid potentially adverse impacts on other countries, including regulatory arbitrage, and support competition, dynamism and innovation in the marketplace.

　　"Financial institutions must also bear their responsibility for the turmoil and should do their part to overcome it including by recognizing losses, improving disclosure and strengthening their governance and risk management practices," said the declaration.

　　面對世界經濟和國際金融市場異常嚴峻的挑戰，在華盛頓出席金融市場和世界經濟峰會的二十國集團領導人１５日發表宣言承諾，加強合作，努力恢復全球增長，實現世界金融體系的必要改革，防止類似危機再次發生。此間輿論普遍認為，這次峰會為改革國際金融體系拉開了序幕。

　　國際金融體系必須改革

　　國際貨幣基金組織總裁卡恩表示，當前金融危機清楚表明，目前的金融體系不能適應全球化金融市場的要求，這一體系的合法性和有效性存在疑問。

　　改革當前金融體系，使之適應２１世紀要求，是此次峰會與會各方的共識。但在如何改革，尤其是具體到如何加強金融監管問題上，一些國家間還有嚴重分歧。法國總統薩科齊主張，所有金融領域、包括跨國資本流動，都應納入監管之下；美國總統布什則強調，監管不能造成對市場的過度干預，在面臨當前挑戰的情況下，各國應該抵制保護主義、集團主義和失敗主義的傾向。

　　盡管存在分歧，但各方還是本著協作精神做了妥協。關于跨境資本流動，會后發表的宣言只是寬泛指出，各國監管機構應加強“協調和合作”；在市場干預問題上，宣言則強調，必須堅持自由市場原則，因為這對經濟增長和繁榮至關重要。

　　中國國家主席胡錦濤在峰會上發表講話指出，應該堅持建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國際金融新秩序的方向，努力營造有利于全球經濟健康發展的制度環境。國際金融體系改革，應該堅持全面性、均衡性、漸進性、實效性的原則。

　　此間分析人士指出，未來幾年，將是新國際金融體系的形成時期。事實上，外界普遍把這次峰會與１９４４年的“布雷頓森林會議”相提并論，認為峰會將開創新的國際金融體系。英國首相布朗表示，峰會使世界“正朝新布雷頓森林體系邁進”；美國總統布什也表示，世界將迎來“布雷頓森林體系ＩＩ”。