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2. 訓(xùn)練閱讀速度
在閱讀中，我們或多或少會(huì)碰到一些生詞和不熟悉的短語，這些生詞和短語會(huì)妨礙我們對文章中心的理解，但我們總是查閱詞典也會(huì)影響閱讀的速度。為了不查詞典又能破解生詞詞義，并理解好文章的中心，要求考生根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法判斷詞義。如：This material is unreadable.中 unreadable是生詞。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)詞根 read ，知道 un和 able分別為前綴和后綴，那么 unreadable的意義就不難猜測了;還可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生根據(jù)生詞與上下文的關(guān)系來猜測其意義。生詞所在的句子、段落會(huì)提供很多的暗示和線索，依據(jù)這些暗示和線索就可以理解生詞的詞義了。如：同義詞反義詞線索;解釋性線索;例證性線索;標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號線索等。如：
A. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
定語從句中的 looks after sheep 就解釋了 herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。
B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends.句首的 like(像)這個(gè)語境線索說明：句中的gregarious與 likes to make friends意義相近。
通過這些方式可以幫助學(xué)生加快閱讀速度，進(jìn)一步提高閱讀正確率。
3. 改進(jìn)閱讀方式
(1)預(yù)測：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生依據(jù)文章標(biāo)題(副標(biāo)題)、插圖以及相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)和社會(huì)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對文章的大致內(nèi)容預(yù)測以及可能涉及到的詞匯，然后閱讀文章的第一段，并對自己的預(yù)測進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證、糾正，同時(shí)抓住主題句、關(guān)鍵詞，從而更好地從整體上去理解和把握文章的中心。
(2)略讀：指導(dǎo)學(xué)生快速瀏覽全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)文章大意，辨析文體，掌握篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)而抓住文章的中心。
(3)查讀：指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在瀏覽全文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行查讀，以回答個(gè)別事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)性的問題。有些細(xì)節(jié)性的問題不能直接在短文中找到答案，必須進(jìn)行必要的綜合、歸納、轉(zhuǎn)換才能獲得，也就是要在直接可獲得的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上經(jīng)過綜合、歸納、轉(zhuǎn)換間接地獲得所需要的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。它通常涉及數(shù)據(jù)、時(shí)間、人稱、代詞的指代、動(dòng)作的行為的關(guān)聯(lián)、動(dòng)作行為者與承受者、地點(diǎn)和空間、表態(tài)方式、因果、條件、內(nèi)涵與外延等。如：
One day Mrs Wison went shopping with Tracy and Ben. They went to the supermarket in the new shopping center.
“Why do you buy things here?” Tracy wanted to know. “Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home,” Mrs. Wilson said. “Help me check the prices, please.”
The Wilsons were not rich and Mrs. Wilson was always careful with her money. She looked carefully at the prices of things. She bought lots of things in the supermarket. When they got home, the children said, “We don’t think you saved money by going to the supermarket.” “Of course I did,” Mrs. Wilson said “Everything was cheaper there.”
“We know,” the children said, “but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry. The taxi fare was more than the money that you saved !”
Mrs Wilson added everything up. Her children were right.
“Well done,” she said. “Next time we’ll do the shopping nearby.”
①The things at the corner store were ____ than those in the supermarket.
A. cheaper B. nicer C. more expensive D. Better
② Mrs. Wilson _________ in the end.
A. spent more money B. paid less money
C. lost some money D. saved a little money
這兩個(gè)問題都是細(xì)節(jié)性問題，但又不能直接從文章中得出答案，要經(jīng)過分析和計(jì)算間接地獲得事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。①選C。由 Mrs. Wilson 的話“Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home. ”分析可知the things at the corner store were more expensive.②選A。 Mrs. Wilson 在超級市場買的東西是便宜的，但返回時(shí)由于東西多結(jié)果打的士回家將打的士的費(fèi)用攤進(jìn)去就高于節(jié)省的費(fèi)用了，因此可以知道：Mrs. Wilson spent more money in the end.
n. 檢查，支票，賬單，制止，阻止物，檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，方格圖案
