評論
打印
Recording 3
錄音 3
Today's crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.
今天英國老年人的護(hù)理危機(jī)有兩個主要原因。
First, people are living longer with a lot more complex needs.
首先，人們的壽命越來越長，需求也越來越復(fù)雜。
Second, they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social care services.
其次，它們所依賴的體系中，國民健康和社會保健服務(wù)之間長期以來一直關(guān)系不良。
Current services originate in two key measures. They are the National Health Service and the 1948 National Assistance Act.
當(dāng)前的服務(wù)起源于兩個關(guān)鍵措施，即國民健康服務(wù)和1948年的國家援助法案。
This required local governments to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.
這就要求地方政府為老年人提供住宿，并監(jiān)督獨立機(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)營的養(yǎng)老院。
They also provided home and community services, including meals, day centres and home helpers and other subsidized services.
他們還提供家庭和社區(qū)服務(wù)，包括膳食、日托中心、家庭傭工和其他津貼服務(wù)。
The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided. It delivered the best health care for all.
國民保健服務(wù)是免費的，完全由公眾提供。它為所有人提供了最好的醫(yī)療保健。
No such vision guided residential and community care though.
然而，家庭護(hù)理和社區(qū)護(hù)理卻沒有前景。
The care was substantially provided by voluntary services which worked together with local authorities as they long had, with eligibility based on income.
這種照顧基本上是由志愿服務(wù)提供的，它們長期以來一直與地方當(dāng)局合作，并根據(jù)收入來確定其資格。
Today, life expectancy has risen from 66 for a male at best in 1948 to around 80 now. In addition, there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge in care.
今天，男性的預(yù)期壽命已經(jīng)從1948年的66歲上升到現(xiàn)在的80歲左右。此外，整體健康狀況有所改善，醫(yī)療知識也有所提高。
This means an unprecedented number of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring experts' support. Families provide at least as much care as they ever did.
這意味著，越來越多的人活得更長，需要專家支持。家庭提供的照料至少和以前一樣多。
Even so, they can rarely, without subsidized support, address serious personal needs. Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent.
即便如此，如果沒有補(bǔ)貼支持，它們也很少能滿足嚴(yán)苛的個人需求。隨著這些趨勢變得明顯，對老年人的照顧面臨著持續(xù)不斷的批評。
From the early 1960s, local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible.
從20世紀(jì)60年代初開始，地方當(dāng)局被要求規(guī)劃衛(wèi)生和福利服務(wù)。其目的是使老年人能夠盡可能長時間呆在自己的家里。
But this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. Through the 1970s, a number of measures sought to improve matters.
但這增加了人們對免費醫(yī)療和付費社會醫(yī)療之間缺乏協(xié)調(diào)的擔(dān)憂。在20世紀(jì)70年代，一些措施試圖改善情況。
However, at a time of financial crisis, funding diminished and little changed. In the 1980s, the government cut spending.
然而，在金融危機(jī)時期，資金減少，幾乎沒有變化。上世紀(jì)80年代，政府削減了支出。
Meanwhile, preference for private over public services made management even more difficult. Simultaneously, the number of sick older people grew.
與此同時，對私營部門的偏好超過了對公共服務(wù)的偏好，使得管理變得更加困難。與此同時，患病老年人的數(shù)量也在增加。
Governments emphasized the need to improve services. They did so, though, while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities.
各級政府強(qiáng)調(diào)需要改善服務(wù)。然而，他們這樣做了，卻幾乎沒有阻止可用援助的流失。各個政府部門的服務(wù)都是不定期的。
Unless you were prepared to pay, they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled.
除非你愿意付錢，否則除了嚴(yán)重殘疾的人以外，其他任何人都越來越難得到這些錢。
Why has 60 years of criticism produced so little change? Discrimination against older people has a long history.
為什么60年的批評收效甚微？對老年人的歧視由來已久。
Additionally, those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.
此外，那些受到醫(yī)療和社會保障不足影響的人力量微小，無法發(fā)起針對其他形式歧視的抗議活動。
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
根據(jù)你剛剛聽到的錄音，回答第22至25題。
22. What is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?
22. 英國目前老年人護(hù)理危機(jī)的原因是什么？
23. What does the speaker say about residential and community care?
23. 關(guān)于家庭護(hù)理和社區(qū)護(hù)理，講話者說了什么？
24. What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the 1980s?
24. 是什么讓老年人護(hù)理管理在80年代變得更加困難？
25. What does the speaker say about older people in England?
25. 關(guān)于英國的老年人，講話者說了什么？
