一項新的研究表明,氣候的變化幾乎在人類進化中的每一次重要關頭都扮演了關鍵角色:從6500萬年前的靈長類動物到人類祖先的直立行走;從人類腦容量的增加到農業的興起。
本句的主干是New research...suggests that...。that引導的是suggests的賓語從句that climate shifts have played...;冒號后的內容from the dawn of..to the rise of agriculture對該從句進行補充說明。
shift在句中意為"轉變",該詞還可指"輪班"。如:
I don't want to work the night shift.
我不想上夜班。
This interview was a turning point in his career.
這次面試是他事業上的轉折點。
They are looking forward to the dawn of better days.
他們期待更好日子的來臨。
The board are against a major savings expansion.
董事會反對大量擴充儲蓄業務。
rise、arise和raise這三個動詞形似義近,均有"上升;舉起;漲高"之意,但存在一定的區別。
rise為不及物動詞,沒有被動語態,后面不能加賓語,可指具體的或抽象的動作。如:
The -river rises every spring.
河水每年春天都會上漲。
The people wanted to rise against the oppression.
人民想起義反抗壓迫。
These problems have arisen as a result of your carelessness.
出現這些問題是因為你粗心。
The boss decided to raise Bob's salary.
老板決定給鮑勃漲工資。
She raised chickens and pigs.
她養雞和豬。