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Lesson 19
第19課
competence
n. 能力，勝任
The secretary has enough competence, but not much initiative.
這位秘書有足夠的能力，但不夠主動。
directory
n. 人名地址錄，（電話）號碼簿
You can find the telephone number and address of any company in the directory.
在電話簿上可以找到任何公司的電話號碼和地址。
compartment
n. 臥車包房，（客車車廂內的）隔間；分隔的空間
Smoking is forbidden in the air-conditioned compartments.
空調車廂內嚴禁吸煙。
envisage
vt. 想象，設想
Nobody can envisage the consequences of a nuclear war.
沒有人能想象得出核戰爭帶來的后果。
cynical
a. 憤世嫉俗的，懷疑的
indicative
a. （of）標示的，指示的；陳述的 n. 陳述語氣
Is a high forehead indicative of great mental power?
前額高表示有大智慧嗎？
hover
vi. 翱翔，盤旋；徘徊；猶豫
Some birds hover when they look for animals to kill on the ground.
有些鳥在尋殺地上的動物時，會在空中盤旋。
erosion
n. 腐蝕；削弱
foam
n. 泡沫；泡沫材料 vi. 起泡沫
The waves break into foams against the rocks.
波浪在巖石上撞成了泡沫。
graphic
a. 生動的；圖表的
In Hemingway's novels there are graphic descriptions of battles.
在海明威的小說中有生動的戰爭場面的描寫。
inertia
n. 不活動，惰性；慣性
Because of the inertia,the train cannot stop instantly.
由于慣性，火車不能說停就停。
migrant
n. 移居者，移民；候鳥，遷移動物
Migrant workers move from city to city in search of work.
流動工人為了尋找工作從一個城市移居到另一個城市。
likelihood
n. 可能，可能性
Probability is the mathematical study of the likelihood of an event's occurrence.
概率是對一個事件發生的可能性的數學研究。
inflict
vt. （on, upon）把…強加給，使遭受
The U.S. always inflicts its concept of human rights on other nations.
美國總是把自己的人權觀念強加于別國。
notation
n. 記號，標記法
Binary notation is used in the computer language.
計算機語言使用二進制。
renaissance
n. (the R-)（歐洲14至16世紀的）文藝復興；（文學、藝術等的）復興
The Renaissance is the period of revival in history, roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times.
文藝復興時期是歷史上從大約14世紀到16世紀的復興時期，標志著從中世紀到現代的過渡。
premature
a. 比預期（或正常）時間早的；（做法等）不成熟的
I had been a little too premature in coming to this conclusion.
做出這樣的結論，我有點太草率。
orthodox
a. 傳統的；正統的
The young generation today don't like orthodox teaching.
當今的年輕一代不喜歡正統的說教。
predecessor
n. 前任，前輩；前身
My present car is much better than its predecessor.
我現在的汽車比原來的那輛好得多。
repertoire
n. （劇團、演員等的）全部節目
That tune is not in my repertoire.
我演出的節目中沒有這首曲子。
solitary
a. 單獨的；唯一的；孤獨的，隱居的
synthesis
n. 綜合；合成
Humans need some sunlight for the synthesis of vitamin D which takes place in the skin.
人需要陽光才能在皮膚里合成維生素D。
complication
n. （新出現的）困難，難題；并發癥
Complications set in, and the patient died.
病人因出現并發癥而死亡。
composite
a. 混合成的，綜合成的 n. 合成物，復合材料
The police artist made a composite picture of the murderer.
警局的拼圖師拼出了一幅殺人犯的圖片。
clip
n. （彈簧）夾子，回形針；彈夾；剪；剪報 vt. 夾住，扣住；修剪；削減
transcend
vt. 超出，超越（經驗、理性等）的范圍
She far transcends others in beauty and intelligence.
她才貌出眾。
ventilate
vt. 使通風；把…公開，公開討論
A sea breeze ventilated the rooms.
一陣海風使房間的空氣更清新。
suspension
n. 暫停；暫令停止參加；懸架；懸浮液；懸，吊
The U.S. declared suspension of financial payment to the U.N.
美國宣布暫停向聯合國付款。
anonymous
a. 匿名的；無特色的
"Who wrote the letter?" "I don't know. It was an anonymous letter."
"這封信是誰寫的？""我不知道。這是一封匿名信。"
auction
n./vt. 拍賣
ethnic
a. 種族的
Ethnic discrimination still exists in the U.S.
種族歧視在美國仍然存在。
solidarity
n. 團結一致
"The perennial conflict between national egoism and international solidarity becomes more and more visible?" (Isaac Deutscher)
"國家利己主義和國際聯合之間的長期沖突變得越來越明顯嗎？"（艾薩克·多伊徹）
compute
v. 計算，估算
We computed that the project would take 5 years to complete.
我們估算這項工程要5年才能完成。
apparatus
n. 器械，器具，儀器；機構，組織
An automobile is a complicated apparatus.
汽車是臺復雜的機器。
buck
n. （一）美元；雄鹿 vi. （馬等）猛然弓背躍起
The news has bucked us up.
這消息使我們歡欣鼓舞。
evaporate
vi. 蒸發；消失 vt. 使蒸發，使揮發
The pool of water on the playground evaporated in the sun.
操場上的積水在陽光下蒸發了。
soluble
a. 可溶的；可解決的
Salt is soluble in water very easily.
鹽在水中很容易溶解。
disclose
vt. 透露
Most movie stars are not willing to disclose their true age.
大多數電影明星不愿透露其真實年齡。
evacuate
vt. 轉移，撤離
The village was evacuated because of the danger of a flood.
由于洪水的威脅，村里人都已撤走了。
disastrous
a. 災難性的；極壞的，很糟的
inhabit
vt. 居住于，（動物）棲居于
It is easy for a man to embark on the road of degeneration and crime when greed inhabits his mind.
當貪婪的思想占據了人的心靈時，他是很容易走上墮落、犯罪的道路的。
inhibit
vt. 阻止，妨礙，抑制
Penicillin can inhibit the spread of the bacteria and inflammation.
青霉素可以抑制細菌和炎癥的擴散。
foil
n. 箔；陪襯；錫箔紙 vt. 挫敗，使受挫折
The police foiled the murderer's attempt to escape.
警察使這個殺人犯逃跑的企圖成為泡影。
grope
vi. （for, around）暗中摸，摸索；（for）探索，搜尋 vt. 摸索（路等）
He groped for the door handle in the dark.
他在黑暗中摸索著找門把手。
humidity
n. 濕度，潮濕
Humidity caused me another fit of rheumatism.
濕氣使我的風濕病又發作了。
innovation
n. 新方法；革新
The innovation of air travel during the twentieth century has made the world seem smaller.
20世紀發明的空中飛行似乎使世界變小了。
literacy
n. 有文化，讀寫能力
notwithstanding
prep./ad. 盡管，還是
Many people told me not to try, but I went ahead notwithstanding.
很多人都勸我不要嘗試，我還是決意去做了。
militant
a. 激進的，好斗的 n. 激進分子，斗士
The militant Palestinian guerrillas often attack the Israeli soldiers.
激進的巴勒斯坦游擊隊經常襲擊以色列士兵。
minimal
a. 最小的，最低限度的
Fortunately, the storm only did minimal damage to the crops.
幸好，暴風雨對農作物只造成很小的損失。
reside
vi. 居住，定居；（in）（性質等）存在，在于
He returned to China in 2007, having resided abroad for many years.
他在國外居住多年以后，于2007年回到了中國。
residential
a. 居住的，住宅的；寄宿的
The residential space in the metropolitan cities is becoming smaller and smaller, but it is more and more expensive than ever before.
現在大都市里的住宅空間比以前越來越小，而價格則越來越貴。
proceeding
n. 進程，議程；訴訟，訴訟程序；會議錄
The manager opened today's proceedings in several short sentences.
經理用簡短的幾句話開始了今天的會議。
sparkle
vi. 發光；活躍 n. 閃爍；活力
Her eyes sparkled with excitement.
她的眼睛里閃耀著興奮的光芒。
pope
n. (常the P-)（天主教）教皇，羅馬主教
specialty/speciality
n. 特產，特色菜；專業，專長
Hami melon (a variety of muskmelon) is a specialty in Xinjiang.
哈密瓜是新疆的特產。
spectrum
n. 譜，光譜；范圍
Now computers are widely used in the whole spectrum of industry.
現在計算機已在工業上廣泛應用。
spiral
a. 螺旋的 n. 螺旋，螺旋式的上升（或下降）vi. 盤旋上升（或下降）；（物價等）不斷急劇地上升（或下降）
The smoke spiral(l)ed up.
那股煙裊裊上升。
transient
a. 短暫的，轉瞬即逝的；臨時的，暫住的
Life is transient.
人生如朝露（很短暫）。
whirl
vi. 旋轉；發暈n. 旋轉；混亂
The earth whirls on its axis.
地球繞軸自轉。
appraisal
n. 估量，評價
The members of the IOC made an objective appraisal of Beijing.
國際奧林匹克委員會成員對北京做出了客觀的評價。
bureaucracy
n. 官僚主義；政府機構
We must fight against the bureaucracy in order to improve governmental work.
為了提高政府部門的工作效率，我們必須與官僚作風做斗爭。
bureaucratic
a. 官僚政治的
arena
n. 表演場地，競技場；活動場所
The world is as an arena of moral conflict.
世界像一個道義沖突的競爭場所。
arch
n. 拱門，拱形（結構）v. （使）成拱形 a. 調皮的
A bright rainbow arched above after the rain.
雨后一道亮麗的彩虹在天上形成弓狀。
exceptional
a. 杰出的；例外的，異常的
He has such an exceptional memory that he only has to memorize the new English words once.
他記憶力非凡，新的英文單詞只要記一次就行了。
consequent
a. 作為結果的
His long illness and consequent absence put him far behind in his work.
他因病缺席很久，耽誤了很多課程。
confer
vi. 商議 vt. （on）授予
The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident of the fire damp explosion.
工程師和技術員們還在討論此次瓦斯爆炸的意外事故。
consecutive
a. 連續的，連貫的
It's been raining for 3 consecutive days.
連續下了三天的雨。
consensus
n. 一致，一致同意
The voters' consensus was that the capital penalty should not be abolished.
選民一致認為不應該廢除死刑。
hasty
a. 輕率的；匆忙的，倉促完成的
He soon regretted his hasty decision to get married.
他很快就后悔輕率地做出結婚的決定。
disrupt
vt. 使中斷，擾亂
An accident of the collision of a truck with a train has disrupted railroad services into and out of Paris.
一輛卡車與一列火車相撞的事故中斷了進出巴黎市的鐵路交通。
execution
n. 死刑；執行；表演
Executions used to be held in public.
死刑過去常常當眾執行。
discrepancy
n. 不符合（之處），不一致（之處）
There was a discrepancy in the two reports of the loss of the earthquake in India.
對于印度這次地震的損失，兩份報告不一致。
discrete
a. 分離的，不相關聯的
One word may have discrete meanings.
同一個詞可能有彼此毫無關聯的幾個不同意思。
contend
vi. 競爭；搏斗 vt. 聲稱
The defense contended that the evidence was inadmissible.
被告方聲稱證據是不可接受的。
forthcoming
a. 即將到來的；樂于提供消息的
We asked several villagers the way to the mine, and they are very forthcoming.
我們向好幾個村民詢問通往礦山的路，他們都很樂意相助。
fracture
v. （使）斷裂 n. 裂縫，裂痕
A fracture in any part of the body can be very serious in elderly people.
老年人身體的任何部位發生骨折都有可能成為嚴重疾患。
hysterical
a. 情緒異常激動的，歇斯底里般的
On hearing the news that he was elected senator, he was in hysterical laughter.
一聽到他當選參議員的消息，他一陣狂笑。
insane
a. 荒唐的；精神失常的，瘋狂的
When dealing with the insane, the best method is to pretend to be insane.(Hermann Hesse)
對付精神病人最好的辦法是假裝自己患有精神病。（赫爾曼·海塞）
