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Morning, class. Today I've brought in a picture of the human brain, which we are going to look at and discuss in detail. The brain is like our command center for all our daily functions and allows us to cope with our environment. How we communicate with words, actions, thoughts, and feelings are all centered in the brain. Some researchers believe that the brain is so complex and mysterious that we will never be able to fully understand it. Some have even referred to it as a little black box like those found on a plane that contain all the critical and highly confidential information of the flight. It's easiest to think of the brain as three connected parts: the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum.
早上好，同學們。今天我帶來了一張人類大腦的圖片，我們將仔細觀察并好好討論。大腦就像我們日常生活的指揮中心，讓我們知道該做什么。大腦控制著我們如何用語言、動作、思想和感受來交流。有些研究人員認為大腦太過復雜和神秘，我們永遠也不可能完全弄懂它。有些人甚至將其稱為一個小黑匣子，就像飛機上包含了與飛行相關的所有重要并且高度機密的信息的黑匣子。最簡單的方法就是把大腦看做三個互相關聯的部分：腦端、腦干和小腦。
Let's start off with the brainstem, which is found at the bottom of the brain. The brainstem has an important role because it controls lots of critical functions including respiration, regulation of the heart rhythms, basic aspects of sound localization.
我們先來說腦干，它位于大腦的底部。腦干很重要，因為它控制了很多重要功能，包括呼吸、心律運作、聲源定位的基本方面。
Next, we'll look at the second largest part of the brain—the cerebellum. It is located at the lower back of the head and is attached to the brainstem. It is made up of two hemispheres and its functions are to control complex voluntary motor functions such as walking, balance and posture.
接下來，我們來看大腦的第二大部分——小腦。它位于大腦的后下部，并且與腦干相粘連。它由兩個大腦半球構成，小腦的作用是控制復雜的隨意運動功能，如行走、平衡和姿勢等。
The third and largest part of our brain is the cerebrum. Its associations are conscious thought, movement and sensations such as touch, vision, hearing, judgment, reasoning, problem solving, and emotions.
大腦的第三大部分是腦端。與它相關聯的是意識思維、活動和感覺，比如觸覺、視覺、聽覺、判斷、推理、解決問題和情感。
The average weight of an adult human brain is anywhere between 1 and 1.5 kilograms. Some people say that we only use 10% of our brain, but this is just a myth. In fact, we use our entire brain. That being said, we can claim that most people only use a very small fraction of the cognitive potential of their brain. Different cultures have used several methods to improve their cognitive potential such as reading, education, puzzle solving and critical thinking. I hope this brief introduction to the brain helps you understand the brain and its different functions.
成年人大腦的平均重量是1至1.5千克。有人說我們僅用了大腦的 10%，但這是沒有根據的。實際上，我們使用整個大腦。話雖如此，但是大多數人僅使用了大腦認知潛能的一小部分。很多文化都采取過諸如閱讀、教育、解謎和辯證思維之類的方法來開發大腦的認知潛能。我希望這次對大腦的簡單介紹能夠幫助你們了解大腦以及它不同的功能。
Question 23. Where is the brainstem located in the brain?
問題23 腦干在大腦的哪個位置？
Question 24. What is the function of the cerebellum?
問題24 小腦的作用是什么？
Question 25. To what extent do people use their brains?
問題25 人們對大腦的利用程度有多少？
