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Passage One
文章一
When the world mourned Nelson Mandela at his funeral on December 10, 2013, few would remember that early on, the father of the modem South African nation was feared and condemned by many nations for advocating violence.
2013年12月10日，當全世界都在納爾遜·曼德拉的葬禮上為他哀悼的時候，幾乎沒有人會記起這位現代南非之父曾經因為主張暴力而被很多國家譴責和懼怕。
As young, Nelson Mandela had a rebellious streak. He was a founding member of the Youth League of the African National Congress, combating apartheid at a young age. In 1961, he founded and became co-chairman of the ANC's military wing.
年輕時候的納爾遜·曼德拉有反叛傾向。他是非洲國民大會青年聯盟的創始人之一，從年輕時就開始對抗種族隔離。1961年，他創建了非洲國民大會的軍事派別，并成為其聯合主席。
Its tactics included bombing power plants, military installations, and transportation lines.
此軍事派別的戰略包括炸毀發電廠、軍事設施和交通線路。
In 1962, Mandela was convicted of conspiracy and he began serving a life sentence two years later.
1962 年納爾遜·曼德拉被判犯有陰謀罪，兩年以后被判處無期徒刑。
The 1960s brought a change in tactics by groups campaigning for change. Once local and confined to a specific area of conflict, they now focused on the anti-colonial unification of groups worldwide.
20世紀60年代，戰略發生了改變，轉變成了集體活動。他們曾局限于關注某一特定區域出現的沖突，但是現在他們會將注意力集中在聯合全世界反殖民主義的團體上。
The 1970s and 1980s brought heightened fears of the Cold War and global terrorism.
二十世紀七八十年代是冷戰和全球恐怖分子更加嚴重的時期。
Britain was battling the military wing of the Irish Republican Army. Analysts say Mandela was lumped along with terrorists in western perception.
英國在忙著對抗愛爾蘭共和軍的軍事派別。分析家稱在西方觀念中，曼德拉已經與恐怖分子緊密相連。
In 1984, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher narrowly escaped injury when an IRA bomb exploded at a Conservative Party meeting in Brighton. Five party members were killed.
1984 年，當愛爾蘭共和軍的一枚炸彈在布賴頓的保守黨會場爆炸時，英國首相瑪格麗特·撒切爾僥幸沒有受傷。五名黨員被殺。
In 1987, Thatcher branded the ANC a terrorist organization.
1987年，撒切爾將非洲國民大會歸類為恐怖組織。
Following South Africa's transition to black majority rule and Mandela's election as president, many feared his ascension to power.
后來南非出現了黑人占多數的統治以及曼德拉當選總統的轉變，很多人都對曼德拉的掌權感到恐懼。
But those who feared a freed Nelson Mandela pursuing power in South Africa have watched him lead, govern, and forgive.
但是那些對重獲自由并在南非追求權力的納爾遜·曼德拉感到懼怕的人看到的卻是（英明的）領導、（有力的）統治和（無私的）寬容。
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
問題9至問題12是基于你剛剛聽到的這篇短文的
Question 9. What is the passage mainly talking about?
問題9 這篇文章主要在講什么？
Question 10. What happened to Nelson Mandela in 1962?
問題10 1962年納爾遜·曼德拉發生了什么事？
Question 11. What happened to British Prime Minister in 1984?
問題11 1984年，英國首相發生了什么事？
Question 12. What happened when Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa?
問題12 納爾遜·曼德拉被選為南非總統時，發生了什么事？
