評論
打印
Passage One
短文一
We're going to start our discussion of poetry in Western Europe with The Iliad and The Odyssey.
我們以《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》這兩部史詩作為開端來探討西歐的詩歌。
These two great poems are believed to have been written sometime between 800BC and 700BC,
人們普遍認為這兩部偉大的詩篇的創作時間是在公元前800年至公元前700年間，
partly because the poems refer to the social conditions of that time, conditions that have been validated by the findings of archeologists.
對這一時間的確認部分是因為書中出現了考古學家認證為那個時期的社會狀況。
But just who was the poet who laid down these cornerstones of western literature?
但是究竟是哪位詩人為西方文學奠定了這樣的基石呢？
Tradition ascribes them to a man named Homer, but we know virtually nothing about this Homer.
人們習慣上把它們歸功于一個名為荷馬的人，但是我們對這個荷馬幾乎一無所知。
In fact, some say that such a poet never existed at all,
事實上，有些人說這位詩人根本就不存在，
that neither The Iliad nor The Odyssey was written by a single poet,
《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》都不是由一位詩人單獨創作的，
but rather each poem is composed of the writings of several people.
而是由多人共同寫作而成。
This is the view of a school of literary critics in the 18th century known as the Analysts.
這些人就是18世紀的以文學分析家身份聞名的一批文學評論家。
The Analysts pointed to internal evidence such as variations in the literary devices used in the poem
這些文學分析家指出詩歌中文學手法的多樣性
to argue that each work was in fact a collection of several poems by several Greek authors.
表明其是出自多位希臘詩人之手。
Opposing the Analysts were a second group of scholars called the Unitarian.
與這些分析家站在對立面的是一位論派。
They insisted that The Iliad and The Odyssey could have been the work of a single poetic genius.
他們堅信《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》有可能是一位天才詩人的杰作。
To support their argument, they stress among other things the consistency of the character portrayed in the poetry.
在他們的眾多論點當中，得到強調的是詩中人物性格的一致性。
This wouldn't have been possible, they said, if they were written by many different poets.
按照他們的說法，如果是由多位詩人所作，根本不可能實現這樣的一致性。
Now how we look at the Homeric question today has been greatly influenced by someone named Milman Parry,
現在，我們對荷馬問題的研究在很大程度上受到了一位美國學者，米爾曼·帕里的影響。
an American scholar who first presented his ideas about Homer in the 1930s.
米爾曼·帕里在20世紀30年代首次提出了他關于荷馬問題上的觀點。
So let's take a look at Parry's research.
所以讓我們一起來看看帕里的研究成果。
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
問題9到問題12是基于剛才你所聽到的這篇文章
9.What is the attitude of the professor toward the topic?
9.這位教授對該話題的態度是什么？
10.When were The Iliad and The Odyssey written?
10.《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》的創作時間是什么時候？
11.What is the Unitarian's point of view on the poet of The Iliad and The Odyssey?
11.關于《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》一位論派的觀點是什么？
12.Why does the professor talk about Milman Parry?
12.這位教授為什么提到了米爾曼·帕里？
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