1. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. (1996. 閱讀. 1. Text 2)
　　【譯文】沖突的定義是社會實(shí)體與另一實(shí)體間的對抗，而競爭的定義是不同社會實(shí)體間獨(dú)立爭奪供應(yīng)不足的資源而發(fā)生的對抗。這兩者的性質(zhì)是截然不同。
　　【析句】主句是Conflict is distinguished from competition,主語conflict后，defined as oppostion among social entities directed against one another為過去分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于which is defined as...。同樣，介詞賓語competition后也有相同的結(jié)構(gòu)，使得句子前后對稱。而后一句中，social entities后又有striving for some thing現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾social entities,而something后是which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
　　2. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. (1996. 閱讀. 1. Text 2)
　　【譯文】這種競爭可能真得會導(dǎo)致國家竭力侵占他國以擴(kuò)大本國領(lǐng)土，沖突隨之產(chǎn)生，但是即使國家之間的競爭是不可避免的，也不能說發(fā)生類似戰(zhàn)爭的沖突同樣無法避免。
　　【析句】復(fù)合句。首先是while作連詞引導(dǎo)的與主句含義相反的句子，while it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand...and thus lead to conflict,it is true that從句中，it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。主句在句中，同樣是it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的that從句，而that從句中，主句是war-like conflict is inevitable，后面是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
　　3. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. (1996. 閱讀. 1. Text3)
　　【譯文】人腦在生活節(jié)奏更慢的過去得到進(jìn)化，因此人腦內(nèi)部存在著缺陷，使它不能同時(shí)理解多條信息流并迅速采取行動。
　　【析句】復(fù)合句。主句是the human brain has an inherent defect,defect后是定語從句that prevents it from absorbing...and acting...。主句前，having evolved...是現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語，同時(shí)句子中又包含了時(shí)間主語從句when the pace of life was slower表明having evolved的時(shí)間。