六級(jí)考試的閱讀理解部分中有許多難以辨識(shí)或是容易混淆的選項(xiàng)，許多考生在看到某個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容類似的時(shí)候往往搖擺不定，無(wú)法做出正確的判定，偷換概念這類錯(cuò)誤類型便是非常容易造成考生錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，它的命制方式是將原文某處的語(yǔ)句中，換掉其中的一部分，從而造成選項(xiàng)中的信息與原文并不匹配，而學(xué)生之所以容易被這類錯(cuò)誤迷惑，究其原因是因?yàn)樵S多學(xué)生并沒(méi)有仔細(xì)對(duì)應(yīng)定位處和選項(xiàng)，并認(rèn)真分辨其中的同義替換，而是讀完文章后僅憑文章在頭腦中的印象做出判定，從而造成失分，以下是真題中幾個(gè)典型的例子，供學(xué)生參考。

　　例1

　　It was the worst tragedy in maritime (航海的) history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes (魚(yú)雷) fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people - mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany - were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down。

　　22. Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when

　　A) a strong ice storm tilted the ship

　　B) the cruise ship sank all of a sudden

　　C) the badly damaged ship leaned toward one side

　　D) the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats

　　根據(jù)原文信息，Wilhelm Gustloff這艘巡洋艦被魚(yú)雷擊中后，一陣冰風(fēng)暴將甲板凍住，隨著船體開(kāi)始傾斜，人們滑到海里。題干問(wèn)到這些人什么時(shí)候落入水中，我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)題干中的dropped into the sea回到原文定位到sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down，根據(jù)這樣的信息，選項(xiàng)C中的leaned一詞是原文中tilted的同義替換，而the ship同the badly damaged ship一致，因此C選項(xiàng)作為原文的同義替換，成為正確答案。

　　典型錯(cuò)誤：許多同學(xué)錯(cuò)選了A選項(xiàng)a strong ice storm tilted the ship，因?yàn)閍 strong ice storm和tiled the ship都是文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的信息，通過(guò)拼湊，許多同學(xué)沒(méi)有作出準(zhǔn)確的辨別。此處的a strong ice storm是被偷換的內(nèi)容，如果要正確，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)是torpedoes (魚(yú)雷) fired from a Russian submarine，也就是說(shuō)，出題人通過(guò)將一個(gè)正確句子中的某處偷換為另一個(gè)文中曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)的信息，從而造成學(xué)生失分。

　　例2

　　The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable - and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their country's monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize (使.。.不得勢(shì)) the neo- Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Today's unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they' ye now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy。

　　25. It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer think that

　　A) they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy(正確答案)

　　B) the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nation's past misdeeds

　　C) Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War II

　　D) it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countries

　　典型錯(cuò)誤：選項(xiàng)B中的信息the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy是文中很重要的核心概念，全文都是通過(guò)這件事情展開(kāi)的，而a reasonable price to pay for the nation's past misdeeds則是最后一段中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容，學(xué)生很容易造成先入為主的認(rèn)為這場(chǎng)悲劇是德國(guó)人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的代價(jià)，而作者所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)并非如此，德國(guó)人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的代價(jià)是a half century of willful forgetting，也就是他們承擔(dān)的代價(jià)并不是災(zāi)難本身，而是半個(gè)世紀(jì)多的時(shí)間里對(duì)這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難有意的遺忘。

　　這類錯(cuò)誤在考試時(shí)非常容易造成考生失分，希望大家通過(guò)平時(shí)的練習(xí)，可以有效地加強(qiáng)自己識(shí)別選項(xiàng)的能力，順利通過(guò)六級(jí)考試。