——精細(xì)閱讀PASSAGE two

本篇來自于Time Magazine（時(shí)代周刊）2009年7月8日題為Yes, I Suck: Self-Help Through Negative Thinking（是的，我糟透了：消極思維益于自助）文章，原文略有刪減。原文參見：http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1909019,00.html

文章題目中的I suck可能會令考生困惑，意為“很爛”、“很差”、“糟透了”。Suck 一詞在英語口語中使用頻率很高，在英語電影中經(jīng)常聽到。文章首段第一句提出自助的理論基礎(chǔ)是變消極思維為積極思維，但之后的連續(xù)兩個(gè)問句讓讀者對此論述提出了質(zhì)疑。第二段闡述了加拿大科學(xué)家的研究結(jié)果，即積極思維的效果適得其反。3-5段分別用兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)論證了這一研究結(jié)果的正確性：90年代的作文案例（第三段）和68名學(xué)生的自我肯定案例（第三、四段）。作者在最后一段推薦了一種新的心理療法：靜思法。

原題：62.What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?
A)It is a highly profitable industry.
B)It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
C)It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
D)It has yielded positive results.

答案：62. B It is based on the concept of positive thinking
原文定位于首段第一句“The $ 11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right”into positive ones like “I can succeed.”屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選項(xiàng)中的based on與文中的built on同義。

原題：63.What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
A)Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.
B)There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
C)Unhappy people cannot think positively.
D)The power of positive thinking is limited.

答案：63. A Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good
原文定位為第二段：“Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have opposite effect;”之后，作者在下一段又再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一觀點(diǎn)“older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse , not better.” cause of a tragedy與選項(xiàng)中的cause of the crash一致。抓住關(guān)鍵詞“opposite effect；feel worse , not better”，答案即可一目了然。

原題：64.What does the author mean by“…you’re just underlining his faults”（Line4,Para.3）？
A)You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
B)You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
C)You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
D)You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.

答案：64. C You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent
與答案較為相近的是選項(xiàng)B。本題關(guān)鍵是正確理解文章中兩個(gè)單詞“underline（加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)）”與“dim（遲鈍的，愚笨的）”。選項(xiàng)B中的point out是“指出”之意，與文章中的underlining意思不符。

原題：65.What do we learn from the experiment of Wood,Lee and Perunovic?
A)It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem.
B)Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one’s mood.
C)Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.
D)People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.

答案：　65. B Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem
原文定位于第五段Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts。抓住關(guān)鍵詞“didn’t feel better；darker”。

原題：66.What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.
B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.
C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.
D) People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.

答案：66. B Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy　
原文定位于最后一段。作者在最后一段提出了新的心理療法，建議人們接受消極思維，而不要一味用積極思維去反抗。In contrast這一短語的應(yīng)用，說明meditation是積極思維的對立面，即消極思維的一種方式。只有把自己的不足放到更廣泛、更現(xiàn)實(shí)的層面去思考，才會大事化小，小事化了。選項(xiàng)D中的內(nèi)容文中并未提及。