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Dogs, man's best friends, have a clear strategy for dealing with angry owners--they look away.
狗，人類最好的朋友，應對它們生氣的主人時有一個很明確的策略--它們看向別處。
New research shows that dogs limit their eye contact with angry humans.
新的研究表明，狗會減少它們與生氣的人類的眼神交流。
The scientists suggest this may be an attempt to calm humans down.
科學家們表示，這可能是為了讓人類冷靜下來。
This behavior may have evolved as dogs gradually learned they could benefit from avoiding conflicts with humans.
這種行為可能是隨著狗狗逐漸明白可以通過避免與人類發生沖突而獲益這一點進化而來的。
To conduct the tests, the University of Helsinki researchers trained 31 dogs to rest in front of a video screen.
為了進行測試，赫爾辛基大學的研究員們訓練了31只狗，讓它們在一個視頻屏幕前休息。
Facial photos of dogs and humans were displayed on the screen for 1.5 seconds.
狗和人類的面部照片被展示在屏幕上，時間為1.5秒。
They showed threatening, pleasant and neutral expressions.
他們展示了威脅的、高興的和中性的表情。
Nearby cameras tracked the dogs' eye movements.
旁邊的照相機追蹤了狗的眼部活動。
Dogs in the study looked most at the eyes of humans and other dogs to sense their emotions.
研究中的狗看的最多的是人類和其它狗的眼睛，這樣就可以感受他們的情緒。
When dogs looked at expressions of angry dogs, their eyes rested more on the mouth, perhaps to interpret the threatening expressions.
當那些狗看到憤怒的狗的表情時，它們的視線更多地會落到嘴巴上，也許這樣是為了解讀威脅的表情。
And when looking at angry humans, they tended to turn away their gaze.
而當它們看到憤怒的人類時，它們往往會把視線轉移開。
Dogs may have learned to detect threat signs from humans and respond by trying to make peace, according to researcher Sanni Somppi.
根據研究員桑尼·松皮的說法，狗也許已經學會了檢測來自人類的威脅信號，并且通過努力講和來回應。
Avoiding conflicts may have helped dogs develop better bonds with humans.
避免沖突可能會有助于狗和人類建立起更良好的關系。
The researchers also note that dogs scan faces as a whole to sense how people are feeling, instead of focusing on a given feature.
此外，研究員們還發現，狗可以通過整體地看人臉的表情來判斷人的情緒，而不是只聚焦于某一特定的特征。
They suggest this indicates that dogs aren't sensing emotions from a single feature,
他們表示，這一點表明狗不是從某個單一的特征來感知情緒，
but piecing together information from all facial features just as humans do.
而是像人類一樣，將所有面部特征信息整合到一起。
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
請根據你剛剛聽到的文章回答問題19至問題21。
Question 19. What do dogs do when they are faced with angry humans?
問題19. 當狗面對憤怒的人類時，它們會做什么？
Question 20. What does a dog do when it sees the expressions of angry dogs?
問題20. 當一狗看到憤怒的狗的表情時，它會做什么？
Question 21. How does a dog sense people's feelings?
問題21. 狗是如何感知人的情緒的？
