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聽力文本：
Passage Two
短文二
Millions of students have been taught a formula that has nothing to do with chemistry.
大多數(shù)學生都曾學到過一則跟化學無關(guān)的公式。
The formula is for writing a five-paragraph essay.
所謂“公式”是指寫作時需遵循五段式的文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
First, write an introductory paragraph to state the argument.
即“開篇寫一段導(dǎo)入性的論點，
Then, add three paragraphs of evidence. Finally, write a conclusion.
中間三段列出論據(jù)，最后一段做出總結(jié)。”
Linda Bergmann is director of the Writing Lab at Purdue University in Indiana.
琳達·伯格曼是印第安納州普渡大學的寫作專業(yè)主任。
Her job is to help students, including international students, improve their writing.
她的工作是幫助學生，包括那些留學生，提高其寫作能力。
Professor Bergmann has worked with many students who learned this traditional five-paragraph formula.
伯格曼教授接觸過很多學習過這種“五段式”文章結(jié)構(gòu)的學生。
She says international students sometimes have difficulty with this formula if they learned a different writing structure.
她說，有時候已經(jīng)掌握另一種寫作結(jié)構(gòu)的留學生們，再學習這種五段式文章結(jié)構(gòu)時會有些困難。
But just knowing how to write a five-paragraph essay is not going to be enough for a college student who has to write a longer academic paper.
但僅僅了解“五段式”文章結(jié)構(gòu)對于需要編寫學術(shù)論文的大學生來說，是遠遠不夠的。
As Professor Bergmann points out, the formula is too simple to deal with subjects that require deeper thought and investigation.
正如伯格曼教授所說，這個寫作模板過于簡單，因此無法處理需要深入思考和調(diào)查的課題。
So what are the qualities that make up a good writing?
那么，寫好一篇文章的秘訣究竟是什么？
Karen is executive director of courses in the Institute for Writing and Rhetoric at Dartmouth College.
凱倫是達特茅斯學院寫作與修辭協(xié)會的執(zhí)行董事。
Karen says there are no simple answers——except maybe for one.
凱倫說，其實寫好一篇文章并沒有什么捷徑可言，只要記住一點。
That is, there is no formula that students can follow to guarantee a well-written paper.
那就是一篇好文章并不是參考模板而寫出來的。
In some cultures, students organize their paragraphs to build toward the main idea at the end of the paper.
在某些國家的文化中，學生組織文章段落是為了構(gòu)建文章結(jié)尾處的主旨思想。
American college students are usually expected to state their thesis at the beginning.
而美國的大學生通常會在文章的開篇就提出自己的見解。
And, while students in some cultures use lots of descriptive words,
有的國家的學生寫作時會使用大量的描述性的詞語，
American professors generally want shorter sentences.
而美國教授通常喜歡更簡短的語句。
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
問題19至問題22是基于你剛剛聽到的這篇文章
Question 19. What can we know about the formula?
問題19.這個公式指的是什么？
Question 20. What does Linda Bergmann's job involve?
問題20.琳達·伯格曼的工作內(nèi)容是？
Question 21. What does Bergmann think of academic papers?
問題21.伯格曼教授對學術(shù)論文的看法？
Question 22. What kind of writing do American professors prefer?
問題22.美國教授更傾向于哪一種寫作方式？
譯文屬可可原創(chuàng)，僅供學習和交流使用，未經(jīng)允許不得轉(zhuǎn)載
