The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干The standards ban claims本句只含一個原因狀語從句,結(jié)構(gòu)上較為簡單。值得注意的是,句中的名詞詞組大多含有修飾成分,如:The ISO labeling standards, claims on product packaging, terms such as...。
譯文ISO 標(biāo)識標(biāo)準(zhǔn)禁止在商品的包裝上出現(xiàn)模糊的或會引起誤導(dǎo)的產(chǎn)品說明,因為我們無法證明類似“環(huán)保”、“無污染”等這樣的字樣。
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (課程大綱), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析主干:distance learning signifies a course
1.句首While 引導(dǎo)狀語從句,有讓步、對比之意。
2.in which 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾a course,該從句本身是and 連接兩個分句構(gòu)成的并列結(jié)構(gòu),兩個分句分別講到有關(guān)老師和學(xué)生的情況。post... on Websites 結(jié)構(gòu)中,post 含有3 個賓語。
譯文:雖然網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程提供的教學(xué)形式會各不相同,但遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)通常都表現(xiàn)為這樣一種課程:教師將課程大綱、閱讀作業(yè)及課程進(jìn)度安排在網(wǎng)站上公布,學(xué)生通過電子郵件提交作業(yè)。
Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most distance learning courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded ( 升級) systems. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析主干:courses can run (on...)
Although 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。investment in...表示“在......方面的投資”。不定式to support... 是賓語investment 的補足語,“項目需要投資來支持相關(guān)軟件”(因為)support 的邏輯主語不是programs 而是investment,所以該不定式應(yīng)該是補語,而非目的狀語)。
譯文:雖然一些規(guī)模更大的課程需要斥資增加新的服務(wù)器、擴(kuò)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)來支持配套的軟件,但大部分遠(yuǎn)程教育課程可以在現(xiàn)有的或稍加升級的系統(tǒng)上運行。