評論
打印
1. What theories was Adler best known for?
2. What did Adler's theory stress？
3. List two characteristics of firstborns from the passage.
4. Alder was with the effects of birth order on . Adler had a successful older brother, but Adler a child and thus was most likely affected with the desire to himself and prove his worth.
5. Adler felt that each position in the order, whether first or last, had characteristics. For example, he hypothesized that firstborns are problem children and that only children be spoiled due to parental .
6. , children born later in the birth order tend to be more , flexible, and rebellious. Only children, being firstborn themselves, tend to traits more similar to those of other firstborn children. However, only children seem to have better and are higher achievers than children who have siblings.
Background Information背景信息
科學家在對生育順序的研究中發現，在教育孩子方面，父母對年齡大一點的孩子更為嚴格，而對較晚出生的孩子較縱容。這或許可以解釋，為何許多家庭中最小的孩子總是不聽話。
來自美國約翰•霍普金斯大學的研究者表示，家長對長子女嚴格的背后有一種潛在動機，那就是保持長幼有序的家庭狀態，同時也是為了避免小一點的孩子效仿大孩子的反抗行為。當年幼的子女長到十幾歲而長子女已經長大成人離開家庭后，家長便失去了嚴格教導孩子的動力，因而對最小孩子的寵愛容易導致其產生不聽話、不感恩、不謹慎的行為。研究者甚至擔心，隨著美國家庭的規模越來越小，孩子被慣壞的可能性也越來越大。
Words & Phrases
詞匯與短語
Words
academically 學術上，學理上
ambition 有雄心的，野心勃勃的
conforming 順從的；一致性的
conscientious 盡責的
conservative 保守的，守舊的
consistency 一致，連貫性
conversely 相反地
determinant 決定因素，決定物
flexible 靈活的，柔韌的
hypothesize 假設
inclined 傾向……的
leadership 領導能力，領導階層
oriented 導向的
overindulgence 過分溺愛，過分放縱
rebellious 反叛的；難對付的
respectful 尊敬的，恭敬的
rivalry 競爭，敵對狀態
Phrases
be concerned with 關注
contend with… 與......競爭
have impact on 對……有影響
similar to… 與……相似
