一、命題規(guī)律
"英譯漢"是從1996年1月起在大學(xué)六年級(jí)考試中預(yù)備采用的新題型之一,但至今未在考試中出現(xiàn)過。對(duì)近年六級(jí)試題的研究表明,沒有出過的題并不代表不考,作為新題型的一種,英譯漢是必須把握的內(nèi)容,每年都有可能采用這個(gè)題型,因此,考生必須對(duì)此作好充分的預(yù)備。
"英譯漢"考題安排在理解部分之后,每次考試共5題,分別從理解部分的4篇文章中選擇一至兩個(gè)句子組成一題,每題約20 30個(gè)。考試時(shí)間為15分鐘。考試時(shí)考生可參閱理解部分的有關(guān)文章,以便了解上下文。
下面是"英譯漢"樣題及參考答案:
Directions:In this part,there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences.These sentences are all taken from the reading Passages you have just read in the Third Part of the Test Paper.You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation.
You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.1.(Line 1~2,Para.2,Passage
1)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
屆時(shí),將出現(xiàn)由機(jī)器人主持的電視談話節(jié)目以及裝有污染監(jiān)控器的汽車,一旦這些汽車排污超標(biāo)(違規(guī)),監(jiān)控器就會(huì)令其停駛。
本題屬于包含定語從句的復(fù)合句。句子框架為:There will be television chat shows…,and cars with pollution monitors…that從句修飾pollution monitors。when引導(dǎo)狀語從句。
2.(Line 2~3,Para.1,Passage 2)
Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
在現(xiàn)代條件下,這需要不同程度的中心控制措施,從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域?qū)<业膮f(xié)助。
本題屬于簡單句。句子框架是this requires various measures of centralized control and…the help of specialized scientists such as…。本句比較簡單。
需要注重的是:require有兩個(gè)賓語。第2個(gè)賓語是the help。在時(shí)需要加上"獲得"二字。measure 在這里是"程度,幅度,限度"的意思。varying measures可譯成"程度不同"。
3.(Line 2~3,Para.1,Passage 3)
But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
更為重要的是,這是科學(xué)家們所能觀測到的最遙遠(yuǎn)的過去的景象,因?yàn)樗麄兛吹降氖?50億年前宇宙云的外形和結(jié)構(gòu)。
本句為典型的長句。主干為主句+for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。不過,主句中含定語從句,修飾表語;狀語從句中又含主語從句和修飾表語的定語從句。要害詞為pattern,本句中應(yīng)譯為"外形,形態(tài)"。另外,billion到底是多少,要弄清楚。
4.(Line 2~3,para.1,Passage 4)
Actually,it isnt,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.
事實(shí)并非如此,因?yàn)檫@種問法是以人們對(duì)人的權(quán)利有共同熟悉為前提的,而這種共識(shí)并不存在。本句為主從復(fù)合句。主語很簡單,但because引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中又含賓語從句,該賓語從句中又含非限定性定語從句。要害詞:assume假定,以……為前提;agreed account一致的熟悉。
5.(Line 5~6,Para.1,Passage 4)
When that happens,it is not a mistake:it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action,an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
這種反應(yīng)沒什么錯(cuò):這是人類用道德觀念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用。這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì),而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄。
冒號(hào)前面的部分看似簡單,但時(shí)一定要注重"通順"或者說合乎漢語習(xí)慣的原則。