60. One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________.
A) it overstresses the role of the creative mind
B) it takes too much time to edit afterwards
C) it may bring about too much criticism
D) it does not help them to think clearly(B)
61. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?
A) It refines his writing into better shape.
B) It helps him to come up with new ideas.
C) It saves the writing time available to him.
D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.(A)
這是一篇語言較為平易的說明文,作者以簡練、親切、對話式的語言向讀者闡述了自己的寫作方法。全文共五段,開篇以I’ve been writing for most of my life一句點明作者是位經驗豐富的作家,開門見山,在讀者心目中樹立了權威,為后文介紹的寫作方法被讀者接受鋪平了道路。作者隨后馬不停蹄提出了第一點寫作方法,The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind,即批判思維與創造思維不能同時共存。按照常理來講,這句話是應該與前文斷開、自成一段的,原因是它與前文實際上是總分關系。不過由于文章的平易性和閑散性,作者也就對此未做過高要求。
第二段具體說明解決批判思維與創造思維的關系問題的方法:使用創造思維在前,使用批判思維在后:You must learn to create first and then criticize。
第三段介紹了運用創造思維的具體方法:free writing,自由寫作;第四、五段具體講解批判思維的使用方法。
57. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ________.
A) no one can be both creative and critical
B) they cannot be regarded as equally important
C) they are in constant conflict with each other
D) one cannot use them at the same time
題目問作者所講的寫作過程中的創造思維與批判思維cannot work in parallel是什么意思。
文章的第二段論述了創造性思維與批判性思維的關系問題。從最后一句結語You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is可清晰地看出,在應用這二種思維時,必須首先使用創造性思維,而后再使用批判性思維。意思就是二者不可同時使用。
A,一個人不可能既會用創造性思維又會用批判性思維。no one can be both creative and critical的意思是一個人身上不同時具備這二種思維能力,而不是不能同時使用這二者。作者在文中討論先運用創造思維、后運用批判思維的問題,那么一個人肯定是具有這兩種思維能力的。A的解釋不對。
B,二者的重要性不可等量齊觀。從上下文來看,作者從未對二者孰重孰輕做出評判,而只是討論了先后問題。
C,二者始終處于與對方斗爭沖突的狀態。從文中論述可知,只有當人們想同時使用二者時,這二者才會發生沖突,如果一前一后使用則不會。所以并不能說始終處于沖突狀態。因此這個選項的論斷不正確。
D,一個人不能同時運用這二種思維,這一點與文中的You must learn to create first and then criticize相符。
58. What prevents people from writing on is ________.
A) putting their ideas in raw form
B) attempting to edit as they write
C) ignoring grammatical soundness
D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts
題目問妨礙人們實現流暢寫作的是什么?
文章第二段講到了這個問題。開頭 The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”一句具體指出了寫作時的壞習慣——嘗試修改(edit),而解決辦法則是free writing。后文做了兩個假設,即在想法初現的時候考慮語法問題和想法初現就不做修改與人分享,這二種情形的結果都不理想。段末指出了解決方案:先不受影響地創造出想法,然后運用批判思維進行修改。
A,把原始的粗糙想法拿來與人分享。文中提到putting their ideas in raw form時是要強調想法如果不進行修改則不會被人理解,想法能夠寫下來實際上已經是流暢寫作的結果了,也就不存在妨礙問題。
B,在寫作時試圖進行修改。The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write,這句話指出邊寫邊修改是寫作的壞習慣,與B的說法一致。
C,忽略語法錯誤。從第二段舉出的第一個假設可知,忽略語法錯誤恰好是實現流暢寫作的方法,而非妨礙因素。
D,設法抓住稍縱即逝的想法。,文中提到correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍縱即逝的) thought, the thought will die,意思是寫作時如果想要糾正語法,那么想法很可能會消失。抓住稍縱即逝的想法實際上是寫作的第一步,而修改語法是其妨礙因素。