評(píng)論
打印
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Anthropologist Margaret Mead is known for her groundbreaking research on the effects of culture on gender roles. Her working hypothesis(假設(shè))was that if gender behavior was the effect purely of biology, then what was considered masculine and feminine would be the same in all cultures. If gender behavior differed in different cultures, this would demonstrate that gender behavior resulted from culture rather than biology.
To test this hypothesis, Mead studied three different societies in New Guinea. The first society that she studied was the Arapesh (阿拉佩什人). In this society, she ob-served that behavior by men and behavior by women were remarkably similar. She found that both men and women exhibited characteristics that are traditionally considered feminine: they were sensitive to each others’ feelings and expressed emotions. The second society that she studied in New Guinea was the Mundugumor (蒙杜古馬人), which was a society of headhunters and cannibals (食人肉者). The society was the opposite of the gentle and feminine Arapesh. In this second society, both men and women exhibited characteristics that are traditionally considered male: they were harsh and aggressive. In the third society that she studied, the Tchambuli(德昌布利人), Mead found that males and females exhibited very different types of behavior. What was unusual was that the roles were the opposite of what we have come to expect. Mead found that in this society, the men were emotional and submissive to the women, and the women were dominant and aggressive.
Based on these findings, Margaret Mead came to the conclusion that culture, more than biology, determines gender behavior.
21. According to the passage, Margaret Mead believed that________________.
A) what we consider masculine and feminine results from culture but not biology
B) we cannot prove the effects of culture on gender roles
C) there are no cannibals in the world
D) the Arapesh is a wonderful tribe
22. In the Arapesh society, behavior by men and behavior by women are remarkably similar, where ________.
A) the men are emotional and submissive to the women, and the women are dominant and aggressive
B) both men and women exhibit characteristics that are traditionally considered male
C) both men and women are sensitive to each others’feelings and express emotions
D) nobody knows why they act the way they do
23. The word "submissive" in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 means____________.
A) obedient
B) giving
C) feminine
D) masculine
24. According to the passage, which of the following state ments is FALSE?
A) The Mundugumor is the society in which men and women are sensitive to each others’ feelings and express emotions
B) The Tchambuli is the society in which the men are emotional and submissive to the women, and the women are dominant and aggressive
C) Margaret Mead’s conclusion is based on the findings from the three societies in New Guinea
D) gender behavior results from culture rather than biology
25. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ______.
A) to describe the three different societies in New Guinea
B) to introduce Margaret Mead’s hypothesis on gender behavior
C) to argue against the opinion that gender behavior is the effect purely of biology
D) to demonstrate that gender behavior should be the same in all cultures
