詞匯(Vocabulary)是四級閱讀理解測試中非常重要的一項。詞匯類其實也是就細節進行提問,所不同的是這是唯一關于詞或詞組的練習項目,詞匯題往往要求對文章中的某個單詞、短語甚至句子等找出近義詞或最合適的解釋。解答這類題需要學生擁有較大的詞匯量。可是,單詞記憶似乎已成為學生普遍反映最頭痛的難題。
閱讀理解中詞匯類問題的常見提問方式有下列幾種:
(1)According to the author ,the word "…"means_______.
(2)Which of the following is nearest in meaning to "…"?
(3)The term ".."in paragraph… can be best replaced by ….
(4)What's the meaning of "…"in line …of paragraph….?
(5)As used in the line …, the word "…"refers to _______.
一般來說,在文章的閱讀中解決釋義的最鄧辦法是猜測詞義。猜測詞義也需要一定的技巧,可以通過1)上下文間意義的聯系;2)同義關系,反義關系;3)詞的定義;4)對詞的解釋和舉例;5)構詞法知識猜測詞義。
1. 利用上下文詞語意義的互相聯系猜測詞義
Example :
The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks .They go from island to island in these light marrow boats and collect turtles' eggs
我們從上下文中可以得出以下信息:"canoes"是一種漁夫用樹木做的、來回于島嶼之間的、輕狹長的、類似于小船之類的東西。盡管我們可能還不能肯定它的確切解釋,但這一生詞已經不會影響我們的閱讀和理解了。
Example :
Jogging has become very popular in some countries ,It is believed to be a good exercise for old people .
"Jogging"的意思通過"a good exercise for old people "可以推斷出是一種適合老年人的劇烈的運動方式。
2. 利用文章中詞與詞的同義和反義關系猜測詞義
Example :
If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city ,you might have witnessed a strange sight . You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback , saying something .
在文章中可以很容易地判斷出"witnesss"的同義關系詞是"seen",因此"witness"就是看見的意思。
Example :
In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid ,and the summers hot and dry .
顯然,冬天和夏天的氣候是截然相反的,它們的修飾詞的意思也應該截然相反。"cold"與"hot"應,"humid"與"dry"對應。因此,"humid"是"潮濕" 意思。