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一、動詞語態(tài)詳解
語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，它用來表示句中主語同謂語動詞之間的關系。
英語有兩種語態(tài)， 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)， 主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞動作的承受者。例如：
1.I have repaired the radio.
我修好了收音機。
2.The radio has been repaired.
收音機被修好了。
3.The students cleaned the classroom.
學生們打掃了教室。
4.The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室被學生們打掃了。
被動語態(tài)的構成：be + 過去分詞
1.A building was damaged by the storm.
暴風雨毀壞了一座建筑物。
2.Our plate was made in China.
我們的盤子是中國生產的。
3.My bike was stolen.
我的自行車被盜了。
常用的被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化如下，以 ask 為例：
現在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked
過去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked
將來I shall be asked, I shall have been asked
過去將來I shall be asked
被動語態(tài)的疑問句是把助動詞提前到句首。
1.Has your TV set been repaired?
你的電視機修了嗎?
2.Was the kite broken?
風箏破了嗎?
3.Has the work been done?
工作結束了嗎?
被動語態(tài)的否定式是在助動詞后面加 not.
1.The letter has not been sent out.
信還沒有發(fā)出去。
2.The little boy has not been found out.
小孩還沒有找到。
3.The cap has not been mended yet.
帽子還沒有補好。
4.Their money has not been sent to them.
他們的錢還沒有送到他們手
二、方式狀語從句講解
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導。
1)as, (just) as…so…引導的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…結構中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文體，例如：
1.Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。
2.As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。
3.Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。
2)as if, as though兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
1.They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
2.He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
3.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)
說明：as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：
1.He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不轉睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。
2.He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。
3.The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒
