導(dǎo)讀:
Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were
( 意為“可以說,姑且這么說”,有打比方的性質(zhì) ) , to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts O)furtherquestions, and so on.
For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times
( 意為“有時“與 most of the time 形成對比,因此很容易推出第 2 題應(yīng)填的詞 ) , however, we become M)aware of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when
mismatch is occurring between J)expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.
Different people B)conversewith the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page
( 意為“與單詞保持很近距離”,即不注意單詞本身的意思 ) , others take off
( 意為“離開”,在這指匆匆略過單詞,即不注重單詞本身的意思 ) imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is D)written in the text. The latter represents I)higher levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.
There is another conversation which from our point of view isC)equally important, and that is
( There is another…and that is… 。 其中由“ that” 可知本文一共談到了兩種對話方式,第一種即是第一段中提到的對文章反復(fù)提問的方式,第二種就是此處提到的關(guān)于怎樣讀的方式。句中 which 和 that 指代的都是 conversation ) to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as A)opposed to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the F)strategies we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability
( If we are…our ability… 。 其中 If 引導(dǎo)的是條件壯語從句, to hold a process conversation with a text 作后置定語修飾句子的主語 our ability 。 ) to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well E)developed. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.
全文翻譯:
閱讀可以看出是讀者和文章之間的一種溝通。可以說,讀者對文章提出問題并得到解答,由此再提出新的問題,如此反復(fù)。
大多數(shù)時候,這種溝通是在無意識中進(jìn)行的,然而,有時候我們也會意識到溝通的存在,通常是在我們提到難題或猜測與文章意思不符時。如果我們做出的猜測正確,對文章的提問會繼續(xù)在無意識中進(jìn)行。
不同讀者與文章對話的方式也不同。有些人側(cè)重讀懂字詞意義,而有些人匆匆越過字詞,發(fā)揮想象力,對文章做出自己的闡釋,評判一番,做出分析,深入研究。前者代表了拘泥字面的理解方式,后者代表了更深層次的理解。掌握這兩者之間的平衡很重要,對高級讀者而言更是如此。
還有另一種對話,我們認(rèn)為同樣重要,這種對話不是有關(guān)讀什么,而是有關(guān)怎樣讀的問題。與“內(nèi)容對話”相對我們稱其為“程序?qū)υ挕保绦驅(qū)υ掙P(guān)心的不是文字意義,而是閱讀方法。通常高級讀者與文章進(jìn)行“程序?qū)υ挕钡哪芰軓?qiáng),而與文章進(jìn)行“內(nèi)容對話”的能力卻一般。
篇章詞匯題型的特點
篇章詞匯 ( Banked Cloze )考一篇長度為 220 個單詞左右的文章,在文章當(dāng)中去除了 10 個單詞,后面由 15 個單詞選項,要求考生選擇正確的單詞填入文章。這種題型的測試重點在于把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu),主要考查考生對諸如連貫性,一致性,邏輯聯(lián)系等語篇,語段整體特征以及單詞在實際語境中的理解,即要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上弄清文章的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)和具體細(xì)化到每個單詞的微觀理解。
篇章詞匯 VS 完形填空 應(yīng)該說,篇章詞匯是完形填空的一種形式。完形填空的測試面更寬泛,涉及連詞,介詞等更多的語法知識,而篇章詞匯的考查項都是實詞(動詞,名詞,形容詞,副詞)。篇章詞匯更側(cè)重于從篇章層面考查對單詞的理解和應(yīng)用。另外一個較為明顯的區(qū)別就是,篇章詞匯是集合式選項,所有的選項都集中在一起;而完形填空是分組式選項,各道題目的選項互不干擾。
篇章詞匯 VS 詞匯題 篇章詞匯與原來的老題型詞匯題相比,更注重對詞匯的實際運用的考查,從單一的一句話考查上升到篇章的理解。
n. 相反的事物,倒,逆向
adj. 相反的,