評(píng)論
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總結(jié)文章主要討論對(duì)象、關(guān)鍵詞，作者、專家的觀點(diǎn)以及語(yǔ)篇及段落發(fā)展模式。對(duì)考試類文章而言，還要總結(jié)文章的考點(diǎn)、題目的定位、答案的替換、正確和干擾項(xiàng)的規(guī)律、特征。
例1：請(qǐng)大家參考我對(duì)2005年1月六級(jí)閱讀第三篇的解析：
Passage Three
(31) Throughout the nation’s more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.（注意本段的differing / diversity / variability幾個(gè)同義替換，表明本段強(qiáng)調(diào)了美國(guó)各個(gè)地區(qū)的科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)教育差異很大〈多樣性，多元化〉的事實(shí)。文章第二句，作者話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，盡管多元化有好處，但有分析表明這導(dǎo)致了美國(guó)的孩子與其它發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的同齡人相比，學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)比較平淡。這一句提出了美國(guó)教育存在的問(wèn)題，預(yù)測(cè)后文可能會(huì)作詳細(xì)闡述或提出解決問(wèn)題的辦法，注意這都是可能的考點(diǎn)。平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)一定要培養(yǎng)自己歸納、預(yù)測(cè)原文的能力！）
31. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America is _______.
[定位與替換] 本題問(wèn)美國(guó)的科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的狀況。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞teaching of science and math定位到原文第一段。選B) characterized by its diversity以多樣性為特點(diǎn)。解題的重點(diǎn)在準(zhǔn)確判斷第一段所強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] A) focused on tapping students’ potential集中開(kāi)發(fā)學(xué)生的潛力，文中無(wú)信息支持；C) losing its vitality gradually逐步失去活力，D) going downhill in recent years最近幾年走下坡路，文章雖指出了美國(guó)的教育體系有缺陷，但并未說(shuō)其失去活力或走下坡路，故不應(yīng)選C、D。
Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.’’ The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed." （Indeed, 在這里是加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，“確實(shí)”的意思，經(jīng)常在文章中引出作者或者專家的重要觀點(diǎn)。專家Schmidt的結(jié)論：美國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)的教育實(shí)踐缺乏連貫一致的知識(shí)觀念，原因是這個(gè)體系有深刻和根本的缺陷。到底是什么缺陷呢？這里專家只是作了抽象的概括，下文中可能會(huì)詳細(xì)闡述。注意coherent和第一段diversity是反義詞。）
The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.（本段不是很重要，主要講這個(gè)分析是基于50個(gè)國(guó)家的數(shù)據(jù)。）
Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds (= the new analysis), but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district’s curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers’ activities.（Not only … , but …倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)句，語(yǔ)意重心在but后面的內(nèi)容：美國(guó)的各個(gè)學(xué)區(qū)在課程等方面缺乏戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)。the report finds是插入語(yǔ)）
(32) This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.（這與大部分其它國(guó)家的協(xié)調(diào)的國(guó)家計(jì)劃形成鮮明對(duì)比，是作者的結(jié)論句。This指代上面一句的意思，也即美國(guó)人的做法。這里也是一個(gè)重要的對(duì)比考點(diǎn)。）
32. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that ________.
[定位與替換]本題是問(wèn)美國(guó)學(xué)校教育的根本缺陷是什么。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞fundamental flaw可定位到原文第二段，但答案并不在其中（而是在第四段）。根據(jù)對(duì)文章的分析，應(yīng)該選A) it lacks a coordinated national program美國(guó)學(xué)校教育缺乏一個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)一致的全國(guó)性計(jì)劃。答案是從第四段This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries. 推得的。本題解題的關(guān)鍵是跨段整合內(nèi)容。
[干擾項(xiàng)分析] B) it sets a very low academic standard for students它對(duì)學(xué)生設(shè)定了非常低的學(xué)術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，文中無(wú)內(nèi)容支持（只是說(shuō)美國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)的多而不精）；C) it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachers它非常依賴各個(gè)教師的主動(dòng)性，文中無(wú)信息支持；D) it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects 它太重視學(xué)校課程的深入學(xué)習(xí)，與文章內(nèi)容相反，如果選項(xiàng)是attach too much importance to extensive, but not intensive, study of school subjects 才符合原文。
