3.開動腦筋推測詞意
初中英語學科教學基本要求規定,學生能根據上下文推測詞義,并能不借助詞典讀懂含有3%生詞的語言材料,換言之,這就是促使學生的知識內化的過程,學生要通過知識內化將內隱的心理活動轉換為外顯的行為,可以借助以下的幾種方法完成內化過程:
4.根據上下文猜測詞意
如閘北區2003年中考模擬題,閱讀B篇中p assed away,根據上文的An illness had kept the boy home和下文寫給Rick的信中可以猜測出意為“去世”。
5.根據構詞法猜測詞意
前綴un-表反義詞,如happy、unhappy,fair、unfair,important、unimportant等。
后綴- ment表名詞,如develop、development,state、statement,argue、argument等。
后綴-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞,如c alculate、calculator,visit、visitor,law、lawyer,wait、waiter,sci- ence、scientist,art、artist等。
6.用知識和生活經驗理解短文
如根據化學知識,可以理解科普讀物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.;根據生活經驗可以理解 Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.。根據邏輯推理理解短文,
邏輯推理實際上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。如閘北區中考模擬卷閱讀C篇回答問題中,根據 Have the police taken your driving licence away,too?可以推斷問題6: Why was the other man riding a bicycle instead of diving a car?的答案為: Because the police had take his driving licence away.。
再如 Then they cam e to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth ashe did before.As soon ashe touched the cloth, he cried,″Wonderful It’s the best picture I have ever seen!″據此可以推斷出第二張畫畫的是一塊布。
7.條分縷析理解長句
長句是初中生閱讀理解的難點之一,長句中通常包含并列、復合、倒裝等結構,對于這類句子要分清主次,先找出句子的主、謂、賓、定、狀、補,再找出修飾它的從句或短語等。如, Parents whose children show a special interestina particular sport have a difficult decision to make about their children’s career.,先找出本句的主、謂、賓為Parents have a cision.,再找出修飾語 W hose children show a special interestina particular sport為Parents的定語從句,difficult修飾decision,to make about their children’s careers為不定式做 decision的定語。經過分析,化整為零,化繁為簡,此句就不難理解了。
adj. 受感動的 adj. 精神失常的