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What is meant by a 'xiaokang society'?
暢想2020：小康社會是什么樣的？
It's not rare to hear the phrase "xiaokang society" or "moderately prosperous society" in the speeches of Chinese officials and read it in media reports. It is a major buzzword in China nowadays, as China has set 2020 as the target year to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
在政府官員講話和媒體報道中，我們常常能聽到“小康社會”一詞。它是如今中國社會的一大熱詞。我國已經提出于2020年實現全面建成小康社會的目標。
The concept of "xiaokang society" first appeared in Classic of Poetry, the earliest collection of poems in China. It was used to refer to a well-off society in which people led a fairly comfortable life.
“小康社會”一詞首次出現于中國最早的詩集《詩經》，指的是百姓安居樂業的富足社會。
When China started the reform and opening-up policy in the 1970s, late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping was the first to propose the concept of a moderately prosperous society.
中國于上世紀70年代開始實施改革開放政策，已故中國領導人鄧小平首次提出了“小康社會”這一概念。
The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012 proposed the idea of completing "the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects" in 2020, with doubling China's 2010 levels of GDP and per capita income for both urban and rural residents as one of the main criteria.
2012年，中共十八大提出了2020年實現全面建成小康社會的目標，要實現國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比2010年翻一番。
Chinese President and General Secretary of CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping has mentioned the concept of "two centenary goals" many times in speeches and articles since the 18th CPC National Congress. In his address to the opening session of the 19th CPC National Congress in October, 2017, he stressed again the importance of sticking to and achieving both goals.
自從黨的十八大以來，國家主席、中共中央總書記習近平多次在講話和文章中提到“兩個一百年”奮斗目標。2017年10月，在黨的十九大開幕式講話中，習近平重申了堅持并實現這兩個奮斗目標的重要性。
The first goal is to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2021, the year that marks the 100th anniversary of the CPC's founding. The second is to fully build a "modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful" by 2049, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
第一個一百年，是在中國共產黨成立100年時（2021年）全面建成小康社會，第二個一百年，是在新中國成立100年時（2049年）建成“富強、民主、文明、和諧、美麗的社會主義現代化強國”。
Raising standards of living
提高生活水平
To achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, the baseline task is to lift all people out of poverty. China has reduced the number of poor people in rural areas from about 99 million in 2012 to 16.6 million by the end of 2018, reported China Daily. The central government has already pledged to lift at least another 10 million people out of poverty this year.
為實現全面建成小康社會這一目標，基本任務在于令全體人民脫貧。據《中國日報》報道，截至2018年末，全國農村貧困人口從2012年的9900萬人減少至1660萬人。中央政府已承諾今年貧困人口將再減少1000萬人以上。
These figures lead The Economist to describe China as the "hero of the world's poverty-reduction efforts."
這些數據讓《經濟學人》稱中國為“世界減貧事業的英雄”。
Apart from lifting all people out of poverty, people would receive guarantees about their livelihoods. More students would get a university education. Healthcare and living conditions would also be improved to benefit more people. At the same time, more measures would be taken to deal with environmental problems.
除了令全體人民脫貧之外，人民的生活也獲得了保障。更多的學生將接受高等教育。醫療衛生和生活條件將獲得改善，惠及更多人民。與此同時，政府還將出臺更多措施，以應對環境問題。
Just as Xi said in October 2017, "This is a society to be enjoyed by each and every one of us; on the march toward common prosperity, no one must be left behind."
正如習近平于2017年10月所言，“全面建成小康社會，一個不能少。共同富裕路上，一個不能掉隊。”
