1.Their research showed that people who slept and rose early (early birds) had an advantage over people who slept and woke up late (night owls).
have an advantage over 勝過;優于
I will have an advantage over others.
我會比別人有優勢 。
2....so they're constantly having to fight against their preferences and natural rhythms.
fight against 對抗;反抗
He died after a brave but unavailing fight against a terminal illness.
在與絕癥進行了一番勇敢但卻徒勞的抗爭之后,他還是去世了 。