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When it comes to disciplining their young children, there's a big gulf between what parents say they do and what they actually do.
當小孩子被管教的時候，父母們表示所說與所做之間其實有天壤之別。
New research finds that parents spank or hit more often and for more mundane reasons than researchers previously thought.
但現在新的一項研究表明，更多情況下因為普通事情而掌摑或教訓的家長們與之前的推測大相徑庭。
The study followed 33 families from four to six evenings while parents wore audio recorders documenting all interaction with their toddlers, who averaged four-years-of-age.
該研究跟蹤調查了33個家庭4到6個晚上的活動，父母們隨身佩戴音頻記錄器記下他們和孩子們所有的交流信息，而孩子們的平均年齡為4周歲。
Participants were mostly working mothers—80 percent were educated beyond high school and married.
參與調查的母親多為職業女性—其中80%以上是高中文化程度并且已婚。
Those parents who approve of corporal punishment contend that they only spank as a last resort, do it only for serious misbehavior and only when they are calm.
那些認同體罰的父母們聲稱他們只是將其作為最后的無奈之舉，只有孩子們犯下滔天大錯還沉著冷靜時才會用。
But the recordings often revealed the opposite.
但記錄卻表明事實剛好相反。
Parents seemed angry when striking their child, they did it reactively and for minor transgressions.
父母們在體罰孩子的時候聽上去很生氣，他們用這招相當大程度是為了雞毛蒜皮的小事。
On average, spankings happened only 30 seconds after a conflict started, and half the time parents sounded angry before any conflict began.
平均來看，在矛盾開始后30秒，暴力行為就會出現，并且在任何爭論開始前有一半的時間父母一方處于非常生氣的狀態。
The study is in the Journal of Family Psychology.
該研究已經在《家庭心理學》雜志上發表。
Previous studies using parental self-reports have estimated that parents spank about 18 times per year.
之前研究評估出父母體罰大概為平均每年18次。
But this study using real-time audio found the median rate to be 18 times per week—and this is among people who knew they were being monitored.
但這項采用最新實時監聽技術進行的研究發現保守大概是每周18次—這還是在當事人知曉的情況下所進行的。
That means that among the mothers who spanked, half of them spanked more than 18 times per week.
這意味著體罰的母親之中恐怕有一半人是每周超過18次。
