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Are human beings inherently generous or selfish? A new study finds that when people have to make the choice instantly, their first impulse is cooperation—which indicates that generosity is innate. Only when they have more time to consider their choice do they behave more selfishly. The research is in the journal Nature.
無論是慷慨還是自私都是天生的嗎？一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人不得不立即做出選擇時，他們的第一個沖動就是合作——這表明慷慨是與生俱來的。只有當(dāng)他們有更多的時間來考慮時，就會表現(xiàn)地更自私。這項研究發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上。
In the study, researchers ran several tests in which each participant in a small group received money and then had to decide how much to invest in a shared group fund. The more time people had to choose how much to donate, the less they gave. Subjects told they had to make a decision within 10 seconds even gave more than others who were told they had to wait the same 10 seconds before deciding.
在試驗中，研究人員進行了一些測試，即分給小組里的每個被試者一筆錢，然后讓他們決定向共享基金投資多少錢？考慮的時間越長，他們投資的錢越少。那些被告知必須在10秒內(nèi)作出決定的受試者也比其他人（在考慮10秒之后再決定的受試者）投資的數(shù)目更多。
Because snap decisions are based on intuition, the researchers concluded that generosity is the intuitive human response. But given time, we can reason our way to a more selfish decision.
因為瞬時決策建立在直覺的基礎(chǔ)上，因此研究人員得出結(jié)論：慷慨是人類的本能反應(yīng)。但如果有時間，人們就會思考，做出更自私的決定。
This intuitive cooperation might be either genetically hardwired, or a cultural construct. Either way, next time I run a fundraiser, I'm bringing a stopwatch.
這種直覺合作可能可能生來就有，也可能是一種文化構(gòu)建。不論怎樣，下次遇到募捐活動，我就帶個秒表去測時間。
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