(1) 若在GRE文章中看到虛擬語氣,考慮直接取非反義理解,迅速把握作者態度。
如下面這句話:
例一:Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation, almost as human navigators use stars and planets, but this would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense. (選自N0.6題第一套section 1短文章)
這句話看似很長,翻譯成為中文的意思是:“有些科學家認為,就像人類采用恒星和行星來定位一樣,候鳥或許也是采用天體的導航才得以確定它們所處的地理位置,但這要求這類動物具有令人難以置信的地圖感。”中文讀過去都讓人頭疼。其實我們用虛擬語氣取非的思想來處理,其要表達的意思就很簡單,對前半句話取非,說白了就是前半句話是行不通的,也就是“migrants cannot determine their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation.”可以知道作者對這種解釋持負評價。
我們再來看個例子:
例二:According to natural selection theory, a worker would enhance her fitness—or ability to propagate her genes—by hatching her own eggs in addition to or in place of the queen's.(選自國內題1993年10月考題section 5短文章)
這句話也是虛擬語氣,我們直接取反理解,作者想要表達的就是 “a worker will not enhance her …”
運用這種取非的思想我們可以迅速的把握作者的態度,以及作者想要表達的真實意思。就不用先翻譯成繞口的中文,再拼命的思索其中的含義,可以有效地為考試爭取時間。
(2)在題干中看到虛擬語氣,大多需要用到取非思想,與之相對應的一種題型是GRE閱讀題中常見的一種,叫做“改進型取非題”。看例子之前,先簡單解釋下什么是“改進型取非題”。很簡單,如果題干問“如果一個對象怎樣會更好”則是改進型取非題,來看具體的例子:
例:It can be inferred from the passage that the “first theories” of grazer control mentioned in line 3 would have been more convincing if researchers had been able to(選自NO.6第二套section 1長文章),這是一個典型的改進型取非題題干,問的是第三行第一個理論怎樣會更好。
邏輯思路:既然是改進,原文肯定說到了它的不好之處或者有unless的句子,我們把造成不好的原因取非,就是所要的答案了。
按照此思路定位原文三行,看到后面有這樣一句話“A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.”注意看插入語部分的“but did not prove”,這個就是缺點,取非就是“prove”再看五個選項:
(A) observe high phytoplankton numbers under natural lake conditions
(B) discover negative correlations between algae and zooplankton numbers from their field research
(C) understand the central importance of environmental factors in controlling the growth rates of phytoplankton
(D) make verifiable correlations of cause and effect between zooplankton and phytoplankton numbers
(E) invent laboratory techniques that would have allowed them to bypass their field research concerning grazer control
一眼掃過去就只有一個選項在講證明,就是D中的verifiable。所以答案選D。很快解完此題。
vt. 發明,創造,捏造