(1)在題干中看到虛擬語氣,大多需要用到取非思想,與之相對應的一種題型是GRE閱讀題中常見的一種,叫做“改進型取非題”。看例子之前,先簡單解釋下什么是“改進型取非題”。很簡單,如果題干問“如果一個對象怎樣會更好”則是改進型取非題,來看具體的例子:
例:It can be inferred from the passage that the “first theories” of grazer control mentioned in line 3 would have been more convincing if researchers had been able to(選自NO.6第二套section 1長文章),這是一個典型的改進型取非題題干,問的是第三行第一個理論怎樣會更好。
邏輯思路:既然是改進,原文肯定說到了它的不好之處或者有unless的句子,我們把造成不好的原因取非,就是所要的答案了。
按照此思路定位原文三行,看到后面有這樣一句話“A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.”注意看插入語部分的“but did not prove”,這個就是缺點,取非就是“prove”再看五個選項:
(A) observe high phytoplankton numbers under natural lake conditions
(B) discover negative correlations between algae and zooplankton numbers from their field research
(C) understand the central importance of environmental factors in controlling the growth rates of phytoplankton
(D) make verifiable correlations of cause and effect between zooplankton and phytoplankton numbers
(E) invent laboratory techniques that would have allowed them to bypass their field research concerning grazer control
一眼掃過去就只有一個選項在講證明,就是D中的verifiable。所以答案選D。很快解完此題。
(2)取非的思路除了可以在虛擬語氣中使用,還可以在另一種邏輯關系中使用,就是強對比的關系,也就是GRE閱讀題中另一種常考題型“強對比互取非題”,其主要特點是:原文中有強對比的雙方,題干只問及其中一方,答案是對另一方敘述的取非;或者題干和原文存在強對比要素,如典型的時間要素,答案也是對原文的敘述取非。
來看個簡單的例子,
例:The author suggests that, before the early 1950's, most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following?(選自NO.6第三套section 4 長文章)
思路:在題干中看到了1950's,第一反應就是要回原文定位,發現原文只講到了”in the early 1950's”并沒有”before”,這顯然就是時間上一個取非的關系,我們把in the early 1950's干的事情取個非,就是之前干的事情。答案就很好選了,在此不舉出來了。
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