如何從語法結構突破GRE考試閱讀難句呢?GRE考試題型中會有一些較長的比較難以理解的句子出現(xiàn),就是所謂的GRE閱讀理解難句,那么怎樣才能很好的攻克GRE考試閱讀中的難句呢?下面小編給您整理了一些GRE閱讀理解難句的解題技巧,供廣大考生參考。
六、同位語結構
同位語是用來對名詞或者是名詞代詞作進一步的解釋,一般說來它有單詞、短語和從句三種形式。同位語從句是名詞從句的一種,置于某些名詞之后,如fact, doubt, idea, news, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question等等。這種從句通常是由that引導的,有時也會用到如what, why, whether, when等來引導。
同位語從句和定語從句在句子結構上有一定的相似,容易使人混淆.要注意在同位語從句中that, what, who等連接代(副)詞在句中并不充當句子成分。
在進行GRE閱讀理解時,要注意同位語與本位語分割的現(xiàn)象,這種現(xiàn)象常常會造成閱讀理解上的困難,特別是發(fā)生在句子結構本身十分復雜的時候。例如:
The word radar, coined as a code name in World War II, was derived from the phrase Radio Detection And Ranging.這句話的中文意思是radar(雷達)這個詞,是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間作為一個代號而造出來的,是Radio Detection And Ranging(無線電探測和定位)這個詞組的縮寫。本句的radar是word的同位語。同位語常常表示本位語的另一種說法,指出本位語的具體內(nèi)容或者列舉、突出本位語的一部分內(nèi)容。同位語一般置于本位語之后,可以不用標點符號隔開,也可以用逗號、冒號或破折號隔開,例如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.這里thought就和它的由that引導的同位語從句被謂語部分came to him所分割。
There is a growing realization that had Saddam Hussein focused his missile-development programs on this sort of hardware rather than developing the Scud, Desert Storm could have seen targets in Saudi Arabia and Israel bombarded by weapons whose miss distance might have been measured in terms of tens or hundreds of meters rather than kilometers.
句子解析:這個句子的主干部分十分簡短,即There is a growing realization. That引導的是虛擬的關于realization的同位語從句,并且在這個從句中還有一個whose引導的定語從句用于修飾weapons。
句子翻譯:現(xiàn)在人們越來越認識到,如果沙達姆 .侯賽因當初將其導彈發(fā)展計劃集中在這種硬件而不是發(fā)展“飛毛腿”導彈,那么“沙漠風暴”行動中,轟炸沙特阿拉伯和以色列的導彈發(fā)射的誤差距離恐怕就不會以千米而是以幾十或幾百米測算了。
七、分詞作狀語結構
分詞通常有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種,他們在文中,不僅可以作為形用詞,而且還能像副詞短語那樣,說明動詞或表達某個整句要表達的概念。例如:Then, having ensured that their species will survive, the shrimp die as the last of the water evaporates.然后,在確保其物種能生存下去之后,蝦子就會隨著最后一點水蒸發(fā)掉而死去。這個句子的having ensured that their species will survive相當于when或者是after,即分詞短語可以用來做表示時間的狀語部分。又如:Used economically, one bottle of kerosene will last for at least one month.用的節(jié)省的話,一瓶煤油至少可以用一個月。這時的分詞又可以用來表示條件和原因。再如:Granting the achievement to be GREat, there is still something to be desired.即使成就是巨大的,仍有一些有待改進的地方。這時可見分詞短語在這里又可以表示讓步。此外分詞做狀語還可以表示伴隨等情況。
此外,需要注意的是分詞的兩種用法和結構:
1)分詞的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致,如果不一致,要用獨立主格結構。如:All the money having been spent, they had to look for a part-time job.錢花光之后,他們不得不找零活干。
2)with+名詞(或代詞賓格)+分詞(短語)作狀語,表示伴隨情況。
如:With oil expected to be scarce by the end of the century, the European Community has set aside 36 million dollars for hydrogen research over the past four years.預期本世紀末石油將緊缺,在過去四年里,歐洲共同體已儲備了3,600萬美元進行氫氣的研究工作。
Then, maneuvering that iron stove through that doorway, with another mighty grunt Pete just heaved it forward and outward, and it smashed down against her little grassy-patched dirt back yard, the sounds of the crash and the iron cracking open sending her little spotted feist dog and her few any-breed chichens all yelping and squawking and flying.
句子解析:maneuvering that iron stove through that doorway是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語,表示時間。the iron cracking open是獨立分詞結構,而sending her little spotted feist dog and her few any-breed chichens all yelping and squawking and flying的sending是分詞獨立結構,而后面的三個現(xiàn)在分詞是作為賓語spotted feist dog and her few any-breed chichens的賓語補語。
句子翻譯:然后,彼特搬著鐵爐走出門口,又大喝了一聲,舉起鐵爐向前往外拋去,頓時落在她亂草叢生的小后院,摔成碎片。撞擊聲和生鐵的破裂聲把她的小花狗和幾只小雞嚇得咯咯大叫,四散飛逃。
n. 門口