分析:
首先,可以確定本文屬于結(jié)論說明型文章,首句即為這篇文章的topic sentence,“地震波反射仍為探測(cè)石油資源的最佳工具”。那么選項(xiàng)A “描述一項(xiàng)重要技術(shù)”,與之對(duì)應(yīng)得最好,一般情況,選項(xiàng)中的答案肯定不是原文中的原句形式,而是原句的改寫形式,中心意思并沒有變化。
由于此類題和作者的態(tài)度有關(guān),所以正確選項(xiàng)中有關(guān)態(tài)度的描述應(yīng)該和作者在原文里的態(tài)度是完全一致的。有時(shí),某選項(xiàng)雖然所說的主題詞和原文的focus一樣,但是如果態(tài)度描述不完全符合原文的意思,該選項(xiàng)也是不正確的。
2.針對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)型(organization)的提問
這類題型也是主旨題中較常見的一種提問角度,大約占主旨題的20%左右。答案往往是對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)組織的概括,很多時(shí)候舊是與文章結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)的Structural Elements的概括和直接改寫形式。常見的提問方式:
Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of the passage?
The author organizes the passage by……
下面再以一個(gè)例子說明,仍然以上篇例文為例:
Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) A method is criticized,and an alternative is suggested.
(B) An illustration is examined,and some errors are exposed.
(C) An assertion is made,and a procedure is outlined.
(D) A series of examples is presented,and a conclusion is drawn.
(E) A hypothesis is advanced,and supporting evidence is supplied.
分析:
因?yàn)檫@篇文章屬于結(jié)論說明型文章,作者在首句就提出了結(jié)論,即Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth’s subsurface,the seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for petroleum reserves.這也正是全文的中心句。后面是對(duì)作者結(jié)論的解釋說明,所以C選項(xiàng)是最合適的。
3.其他主旨題
其他類型的主旨題出現(xiàn)頻率相對(duì)較低,但是也相對(duì)容易些,可總結(jié)的規(guī)律較多。如:
a.針對(duì)文章題目提問
常見的提問方式:
Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the passage?
b.針對(duì)段落大意、段落作用提問
常見的提問方式:
Which of the following statements would most logically conclude the last paragraph of the passage?
Which of the following best describes the relationship of the first paragraph of the passage as a whole?
In the third paragraph,the author is primarily concerned with……
在考慮一個(gè)段落的大意時(shí),同時(shí)要考慮這段在整個(gè)文章中所起到的作用。另外,在問及首段的作用時(shí),絕大多數(shù)的正確答案是background的作用。
c.針對(duì)文章的寫作手法提問
作者通常運(yùn)用的寫作方式有:analogy,give an example,quote,illustrate,cite,define等等。
d.針對(duì)文章續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容提問
常見的提問方式:
Which of the following statements could most logically follow the last sentence of the passage?
對(duì)于這類題型,續(xù)寫應(yīng)該與前面文章的focus相同,觀點(diǎn)要一致,一般情況下它們都是文章末段內(nèi)容的總結(jié)或者延續(xù)。但是也不能只按照最后一段解題,要把握文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。續(xù)寫時(shí)應(yīng)本著這樣的原則:內(nèi)容不太可能出現(xiàn)新名詞,敘述新事物,更不可能提出新的觀點(diǎn)。
通過上面的分析,對(duì)于GRE閱讀中主旨題和態(tài)度題,它們大多數(shù)都與文章的整理框架和結(jié)構(gòu)類型有者緊密的關(guān)系。因此,在解答這類題時(shí),最重要的就是掌握文章的行文思路和整體框架。