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SAD is not without its skeptics.
關于SAD，并非沒有人持懷疑態度。
One study published in 2008 looked at rates of depression among populations in northern Norway, where there's no sunlight at all for two months of every winter, and found no seasonal increase.
2008年發表的一項研究調查了挪威北部人口的抑郁癥發病率，那里每年冬天有兩個月完全沒有陽光，結果沒有發現季節性增加。
Another study published in 2016 looked at a U.S. survey of just over 30,000 people.
2016年發表的另一項研究檢視了美國對30000多人的調查。
When asked to answer questions related to depression, there was no discernible spike related to season or latitude.
當被要求回答與抑郁癥相關的問題時，沒有發現與季節或緯度相關的明顯峰值。
Steven Lobello, a psychologist at Auburn University in Montgomery, Alabama, isn't convinced SAD qualifies as a diagnosable mental disorder.
阿拉巴馬州蒙哥馬利市奧本大學的心理學家史蒂文·洛貝洛并不相信季節性情感障礙屬于可診斷的精神障礙。
He thinks previous studies done to measure rates of SAD have been too suggestive.
他認為先前測量季節性情緒失調發生率的研究過于具有啟發性。
Rather than calling people during the winter and asking them if they feel depressed, studies have asked people if they have ever felt depressed during winter -- which many people believe they do.
研究不是在冬天打電話給人們并詢問他們是否感到沮喪，而是詢問人們是否在冬天感到沮喪--許多人認為他們確實感到沮喪。
"If you ask questions of people in a way that allows them to know the nature of what you're getting at, then I don't think you're doing anything more than measuring that belief," Lobello says.
洛貝洛說：“如果你向人們提出問題，讓他們了解你所要表達的內容的本質，那么我認為你所做的只是衡量這種信念。”
However, Rohan says these studies may not detect SAD because it's relatively rare, representing about 10 percent of those diagnosed with clinical depression.
然而，羅漢表示，這些研究可能無法檢測出SAD，因為它相對罕見，約占診斷為臨床抑郁癥患者的10%。
"It's like looking for a needle in a haystack and not finding needles and determining they don't exist," she says.
“這就像大海撈針，找不到針就確定它們不存在，”她說。
For those who think they may be experiencing SAD, experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment.
對于那些認為自己可能患有季節性情感障礙的人來說，專家表示，專業診斷是治療的關鍵第一步。
"People should really avoid self-diagnosis," says Rohan. "Depression is a serious mental health problem, so it's best to leave it to trained professionals."
“人們真的應該避免自我診斷，”羅漢說?！耙钟舭Y是一種嚴重的心理健康問題，因此最好將其交給經過培訓的專業人員來解決?！?/div>
Sitting in front of a bright box of light is one of the most common treatments for SAD.
坐在明亮的光箱前是SAD最常見的治療方法之一。
Experts say the key is to look for light boxes that provide light equalling 10,000 lux, a measure of brightness.
專家表示，關鍵是要尋找能提供相當于10000勒克斯（亮度衡量標準）的光線的燈箱。
"10,000 lux is like being outside on a summer day in July. It's a lot of light," says Desan.
“10000勒克斯就像在七月夏日的戶外。光線充足，”德桑說。
Be wary of the box's size, he notes. A light box that's too small can fail to deliver the adequate amount of light treatment.
他指出，要警惕盒子的大小。太小的燈箱可能無法提供足夠的光處理量。
Experts recommend sitting in front of light boxes for about 30 minutes and usually first thing in the morning, to help signal to the body that it's time to wake up.
專家建議在燈箱前坐大約30分鐘（通常是早上第一件事），以幫助向身體發出信號，表明該起床了。
This treatment can improve mood the day it's used. The only drawback to light boxes, notes Rohan, is that they only work on the day that you use them, so they need to be used daily.
這種療法可以改善使用當天的情緒。羅漢指出，燈箱的唯一缺點是它們只能在使用當天發揮作用，因此需要每天使用。
One treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy Rohan endorses for treating SAD.
認知行為療法（CBT）是一種可能具有更持久益處的治療方法，這是羅漢認可的一種治療SAD的談話療法。
"Negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, and we want to change those into slightly less negative, more neutral thoughts," she says of the CBT approach.
“消極思維往往會滋生消極情緒，我們希望將這些想法轉變為稍微不那么消極、更中立的想法，”她在談到CBT方法時說道。
For example, "I hate winter," might be reframed as, "winter isn't my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy."
例如，“我討厭冬天”可能會被重新定義為“冬天不是我最喜歡的季節，但我仍然找到享受的東西?！?/div>
Finding wintertime hobbies may also help.
尋找冬季愛好也可能有所幫助。
"People with SAD often have hobbies and interests that are summer specific -- growing gardens, beach going," she says.
“患有季節性情感障礙的人通常有夏季特有的愛好和興趣--種植花園、去海灘，”她說。
Instead of hibernating under a blanket, she suggests those people find indoor hobbies to enjoy -- knitting, joining a book club, or going to the gym, she suggests.
她建議這些人不要在毯子下冬眠，而應該找到室內愛好--編織、加入讀書俱樂部或去健身房。
Lifestyle changes can also be useful mental health tools, says Rosenthal.
羅森塔爾說，生活方式的改變也可以成為有用的心理健康工具。
Exercising, learning ways to manage stress, or planning a sunny vacation during the winter can all help to boost your mood, he says.
他說，運動、學習控制壓力的方法或計劃在冬天度過一個陽光明媚的假期都有助于改善你的情緒。
Whether using light or talk therapy, Rosenthal stresses that there's no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year: "There are many, many strategies people can use that will help them thrive year-round."
羅森塔爾強調，無論是使用光療法還是談話療法，沒有理由不尋求心理健康治療，即使癥狀只在一年中出現幾個月：“人們可以使用很多很多策略來幫助他們全年茁壯成長?！?/p>
| 重點單詞 | 查看全部解釋 | |||
| wary | ['wɛəri] |
想一想再看 adj. 小心的，機警的 |
聯想記憶 | |
| latitude | ['lætitju:d] |
想一想再看 n. 緯度，界限，自由選擇權 |
聯想記憶 | |
| psychologist | [sai'kɔlədʒist] |
想一想再看 n. 心理學家 |
聯想記憶 | |
| depressed | [di'prest] |
想一想再看 adj. 沮喪的，降低的，不景氣的，蕭條的，凹陷的，扁平 |
聯想記憶 | |
| stress | [stres] |
想一想再看 n. 緊張，壓力 |
||
| thrive | [θraiv] |
想一想再看 vi. 興旺，繁榮，茁壯成長 |
||
| needle | ['ni:dl] |
想一想再看 n. 針 |
||
| suggestive | [sə'dʒestiv] |
想一想再看 adj. 提示性的，影射的，暗示的 |
||
| lasting | ['læstiŋ] |
想一想再看 adj. 永久的，永恒的 |
聯想記憶 | |
| slightly | ['slaitli] |
想一想再看 adv. 些微地，苗條地 |
