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Similarly, a managed economy on a national scale needs public investment to flourish. When government invests in public goods like roads, airports, public transit, schools and solar panels, economic growth soars—just as it does when you put a roof over a farmer's market.
同樣，一個(gè)國家規(guī)模的管理經(jīng)濟(jì)需要公共投資來繁榮。當(dāng)政府投資公路、機(jī)場、公共交通、學(xué)校和太陽能電池板等公共產(chǎn)品時(shí)，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長就會飆升——就像給農(nóng)家市場蓋上屋頂一樣。
Finally, a managed market recognizes the need for the state to buffer shocks and surprises. When the growth of the suburbs and supermarkets threatened the viability of a central downtown market, local government in Lancaster stepped in to modernize the market, and a nonprofit managing the market helps ensure a balance of vendors that can serve the local community and tourists alike. Today, Amish women wearing traditional bonnets serve fresh-baked pies steps away from a stand of Middle Eastern foods and another selling mozzarella cheese made from local goat's milk.
最后，一個(gè)有管理的市場要認(rèn)識到政府有必要緩沖沖擊和意外。當(dāng)郊區(qū)和超市的發(fā)展威脅到市中心市場的生存時(shí)，蘭開斯特的地方政府開始介入，使市場現(xiàn)代化，一個(gè)管理市場的非營利組織有助于確保商販之間的平衡，既能服務(wù)于當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)，也能服務(wù)于游客。今天，戴著傳統(tǒng)帽子的阿米什婦女在遠(yuǎn)離中東食品攤位和另一個(gè)用當(dāng)?shù)匮蚰讨谱黢R蘇里拉奶酪攤位的地方供應(yīng)新鮮烘焙的餡餅。
At a national level, monetary and fiscal authorities employ macroeconomic policy to mitigate the blows of unexpected crises. Just last year in response to the pandemic, the Federal Reserve took rates to zero, restarted its bondbuying program and broke new ground by moving into corporate and municipal debt markets. Meanwhile, political leaders of both parties passed three emergency aid bills to keep tens of millions of Americans out of poverty and tens of thousands of businesses above water.
在國家層面，貨幣和財(cái)政當(dāng)局采用宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策來減輕意外危機(jī)的打擊。就在去年，為了應(yīng)對疫情，美聯(lián)儲(Federal Reserve)將利率降至零，重啟了債券購買計(jì)劃，并通過進(jìn)入公司和市政債券市場開辟了新的領(lǐng)域。與此同時(shí)，兩黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人通過了三項(xiàng)緊急援助法案，使數(shù)千萬美國人擺脫貧困，使數(shù)萬家企業(yè)脫離困境。
We have always used regulation, public investment and macroeconomic management to make our economy work, but we've done so sporadically and often weakly because we've told ourselves a different story about how the economy works. It's time for the story we tell to match the reality of economic growth—and to fully embrace the opportunity that creates.
我們一直都是通過監(jiān)管、公共投資和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)管理來讓經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，但我們只是偶爾這么做，而且通常力度很小。因?yàn)殛P(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)我們告訴自己的是另一個(gè)故事。是時(shí)候讓我們所講的故事與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的現(xiàn)實(shí)相匹配，并充分擁抱由此帶來的機(jī)遇。
We can look at shifting attitudes on childcare. Free-market orthodoxy told parents with young kids that they were on the hook to find and pay for affordable, safe childcare. A managed market outlook recognizes the obvious: cheap access to good childcare makes it easier for parents, particularly mothers, to join the labor force, boosting economic activity. In many cases, it also improves educational outcomes for their kids. Virtually all Democrats and almost threequarters of Republicans support the idea of offering optional public pre-K to all 3-and 4-year-olds, and nearly half of Republicans go further and support universal childcare from birth to age 5.
我們可以看看人們對兒童保育態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。自由市場的正統(tǒng)觀念告訴有小孩的父母，他們需要找到并支付負(fù)擔(dān)得起的、安全的托兒服務(wù)。有管理的市場前景認(rèn)識到一個(gè)顯而易見的事實(shí)：廉價(jià)的優(yōu)質(zhì)托兒服務(wù)讓父母，尤其是母親更容易加入勞動力大軍，從而提振經(jīng)濟(jì)活動。在很多情況下還能提高孩子的教育成果。幾乎所有的民主黨人和近四分之三的共和黨人都支持為所有3到4歲的孩子提供可選的公共學(xué)前教育的想法，近一半的共和黨人則更進(jìn)一步支持從出生到5歲兒童的全體保育。
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