“堅持”的表達：
cling on to sth 堅持，不愿放棄
This girl is clinging on to the hope that she would be cured.
這個女孩堅持相信自己是可以被治好的。

句型：cling on to the hope/belief/idea etc (that).....
She managed to cling on to life for many years.
她頑強地又活了很多年。

cling on to life 頑強地活下去
He had one last hope to cling on to.
他還抱著最后的一絲希望。

to/until the bitter end （不怕艱苦）堅持到底，奮斗到底
They were prepared to fight to the bitter end.
他們準備好了要堅持到底。
We might not have a chance of winning today, but we have to give it our all until the bitter end!
我們可能沒法贏，但是我們必須拼盡全力，奮斗到底！

“放棄”的表達：
chicken out of sth/doing sth 因害怕而放棄，臨陣退縮，膽怯
I chickened out of going bungee jumping.
我不敢蹦極。
I chickened out of seeing the horror movie.
我不敢看恐怖電影。

chicken n.膽小鬼
Don't be a chicken.
別怕！
Don't be a chicken！Try these chicken's feet.
別怕！嘗嘗這個雞爪！

deep-six 放棄，拋棄
People ask her to deep-six her hope for life.
人們叫她放棄活著的希望。