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These hospitals, or groups within these hospitals that made more mistakes did not actually make more mistakes. They reported more mistakes.
這些事故更多的醫院 或醫院小組 其實并沒有發生更多醫療事故 而是報告了更多的事故
In fact, the other groups, who on paper made less mistakes, actually made many more mistakes. However, they did not report them. Now how did you know because there are certain mistakes that you cannot hide. It is very difficult to hide a corpse, for example.
事實上 其他小組雖然表面上事故少了 其實發生了更多的醫療事故 但他們沒有匯報 因為有些事故是無法掩蓋的 比如 很難掩蓋一具尸體
So the mistake, the real major mistakes that were made, they were out, and these groups had to report these. It' not that they made less; they made more mistake but they didn't report.
所以這些大事故發生時 這些小組不得不匯報 并不是他們事故減少了 而是增多了 只不過沒有匯報
And then she changed the focus of her research to the notion of psychological safety.
于是她改變了研究的重心 轉向心理安全概念
Psychological safety is the feeling, the experience, the space that you feel in your workplace, in your organization where you are safe talking about errors and mistakes, where you feel safe falling down and getting up again.
心理安全是一種感覺 經歷 空間 讓你覺得可以在辦公地點 在組織內安全地討論錯誤與過失 讓你覺得摔倒了也能安全地站起來
And these organizations with their own psychological safety, they performed better.
有心理安全的組織會表現地更好
And again, this was in 1999, a lot of research done by her and people around the world, showing how groups, organizations with their psychological safety with their employees don't or are not afraid of whistle blowing or not afraid of falling down of making mistakes.
當時是1999年 她與全世界各國研究人員進行了大量研究 證明了有心理安全的團隊組織 他們的雇員不會害怕告密 也不會害怕摔倒 或犯錯
