評(píng)論
打印
To test their hypothesis, Amir and Biederman recruited 15 students to view 200 simple line drawings during an fMRI scan.
為了驗(yàn)證他們的假設(shè)，阿米爾和比德曼找了15個(gè)學(xué)生，讓他們?cè)诤舜艗呙钑r(shí)觀看200幅簡(jiǎn)單的線條畫。
Each drawing came with two captions: an "obvious" description and an "interpretive" one.
每幅畫都有兩個(gè)題注：一個(gè)“顯而易見(jiàn)的”描述和一個(gè)“解釋性的”描述。
For a picture with three T's in a row, the obvious caption read "thick T-shaped junctions."
有連續(xù)三個(gè)T的圖片，顯而易見(jiàn)的描述為“厚的T形連接。”
An interpretive caption might read "trumpet valves," because the three T's resemble the finger buttons on a trumpet.
一個(gè)解釋性的描述可能寫作“小號(hào)閥門”，因?yàn)門代表了小號(hào)上的按鈕。
Some of the interpretive captions were designed to be funny.
有些解釋性的描述設(shè)定的很搞笑。
On a drawing of two horizontal ovals wedged inside a vertical one, the obvious caption read "two smaller horizontal ellipses in a larger vertical ellipse."
在一幅畫中，兩個(gè)水平的橢圓嵌在一個(gè)垂直的橢圓里，顯而易見(jiàn)的標(biāo)題是“一個(gè)較大的垂直橢圓里有兩個(gè)較小的水平橢圓”。
The interpretive/ funny description: "Close-up of a pig looking at book titles in a library." Think about it.
解釋性/有趣的描述：“一只豬在圖書館里看書名的特寫。”想一想。
For another drawing, "a plethora of dots surrounded concentrically around a single dot" could be just that,
在另一幅畫中，“大量的點(diǎn)圍繞著一個(gè)點(diǎn)”，可能就是這樣，
or it could be "germs avoiding a friend who caught antibiotics."
也可能是“細(xì)菌在躲避感染了抗生素的朋友”。
The subjects were asked to rate each caption as "not funny," "a little funny," or "funny."
受試者被要求給每個(gè)題注打分，分別是“不搞笑”、“有點(diǎn)搞笑”或“搞笑”。
As expected, the interpretive captions lit up more areas of the brain than their obvious counterparts—
不出所料，這些解釋性的說(shuō)明文字比顯而易見(jiàn)的對(duì)應(yīng)文字更能激活大腦的某些區(qū)域-
in line with the cognitive theory that insight in and of itself is pleasurable.
這與洞察力本身是令人愉悅的認(rèn)知理論是一致的。
But the scans revealed that humorous insights activated the most regions of all.
但是掃描顯示，幽默的思考能活躍最多的區(qū)域。
The funnier the subjects rated a caption, the more neurons were fired.
測(cè)試者對(duì)題注的評(píng)價(jià)越有趣，被激發(fā)的神經(jīng)元越多。
It is this extra burst of brain activation at the moment we "get" a joke that transforms "aha" into "haha," Amir and Biederman concluded.
阿米爾和比德曼總結(jié)道，在這種腦神經(jīng)元大量活躍的時(shí)刻，我們領(lǐng)會(huì)到的笑話將恍然大悟轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣恍Α?/div>
What's more, the opioid receptors they were studying are located in the higher-level processing areas of the temporal lobes,
而且，他們研究的阿片樣受體位于高級(jí)處理區(qū)域顳葉，
a patch of neural real estate running from roughly behind the ears up to the eyes,
顳葉是一塊從耳朵后面一直延伸到眼睛的神經(jīng)區(qū)域，
where we store the memories and associations we use to make sense of the world.
在那里，我們儲(chǔ)存用來(lái)理解世界的記憶和聯(lián)想。
They also have connections to neurons in the basal ganglia, the reward center of the brain.
它們還與基底神經(jīng)節(jié)的神經(jīng)元有聯(lián)系，基底神經(jīng)節(jié)是大腦的獎(jiǎng)賞中樞。
"We had come to think of these perceptual systems as relatively mundane structures meant simply to passively get us information," Biederman says.
比德曼說(shuō)，“我們之前認(rèn)為這些感知系統(tǒng)僅僅是讓我們被動(dòng)獲取信息的相對(duì)一般的結(jié)構(gòu)，
"But it turns out that getting new information is actually pleasurable."
但是結(jié)果是，獲取新信息是令人愉快的。
From there, the researchers took their analysis one step further.
在此基礎(chǔ)上，研究人員又進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行了分析。
In a follow-up study, Amir recruited people to compose captions for a series of cartoons while he scanned their brains.
在一項(xiàng)后續(xù)研究中，阿米爾招募了一些人為一系列卡通片撰寫字幕，同時(shí)掃描他們的大腦。
When they came up with a joke, the same regions of the brain that light up when people appreciate humor were activated.
當(dāng)他們看到笑話時(shí)，當(dāng)人們欣賞幽默時(shí)，大腦中被激活的區(qū)域是相同的。
And, as in the first study, the funnier the jokes (as rated by independent observers), the more neurons fired in the jokers' brains.
和第一個(gè)研究一樣，笑話越好笑（被獨(dú)立的觀察著評(píng)級(jí)），參與人員的大腦活躍的神經(jīng)元越多。
But the firing of the brain cells occurred on a different timeline, enhancing the process and making it all the more powerful.
但是大腦神經(jīng)元的活躍時(shí)間是不同的，這會(huì)增強(qiáng)這個(gè)過(guò)程，使它更有能量。
When we "get" a joke, the neurons are activated in a quick burst.
我們領(lǐng)會(huì)到一個(gè)笑話時(shí)，神經(jīng)元會(huì)在一瞬間活躍起來(lái)。
When we construct a joke, activity in the same brain regions increases slowly as we rack our brains for dissimilar elements that we can link.
當(dāng)我們構(gòu)想一個(gè)笑話時(shí)，在同一片大腦區(qū)域的活動(dòng)會(huì)緩慢增強(qiáng)，因?yàn)槲覀兘g盡腦汁地尋找可以聯(lián)系的不同元素。
