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萬物簡史(MP3+中英字幕) 第629期:神秘的兩足動物(7)

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At Black's urging, more determined excavations were undertaken and many other bones found. Unfortunately all were lost the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 when a contingent of U.S. Marines, trying to spirit the bones (and themselves) out of the country, was intercepted by the Japanese and imprisoned. Seeing that their crates held nothing but bones, the Japanese soldiers left them at the roadside. It was the last that was ever seen of them.[qh]
在步達生的敦促下,人們進行了更堅定的挖掘工作,并且發現了許多別的化石。不幸的是,1941年珍珠港事件爆發后的第二天,這些東西全丟失了。當時,一支美國海軍陸戰隊打算帶著這批化石撤離中國,他們遭到日本兵的攔截,并且被關押。日本兵檢查他們的箱子,結果除了骨頭什么也沒有發現。日本人將其扔在路邊,之后人們再也沒有看到它們。[qh]
In the meantime, back on Dubois's old turf of Java, a team led by Ralph von Koenigswald had found another group of early humans, which became known as the Solo People from the site of their discovery on the Solo River at Ngandong.Koenigswald's discoveries might have been more impressive still but for a tactical error that was realized too late. He had offered locals ten cents for every piece of hominid bone they could come up with, then discovered to his horror that they had been enthusiastically smashing large pieces into small ones to maximize their income.[qh]

與此同時,在杜布瓦發現爪哇人的老地方,由拉爾夫·馮·孔尼華為首的一支考察隊在昂棟地區的梭羅河上發現了另一組早期人類的化石,后來以其發現地而命名為梭羅人。孔尼華的發現本來會成績更加赫然,但他犯了一個策略性錯誤,而且發現時已為時過晚。他曾向當地人許諾,每發現一塊人類化石,他就付給他們10個分幣。令他毛骨悚然的是,他發現,為了得到盡可能多的錢,他們把挖掘到的大塊化石敲成了小片。[qh]


拉爾夫·馮·孔尼華

In the following years as more bones were found and identified there came a flood of new names—Homo aurignacensis, Australopithecus transvaalensis, Paranthropus crassidens, Zinjanthropus boisei,and scores of others, nearly all involving a new genus type as well as a new species. By the 1950s, the number of named hominid types had risen to comfortably over a hundred. To add to the confusion, individual forms often went by a succession of different names as paleoanthropologists refined, reworked, and squabbled over classifications. Solo People were known variously as Homo soloensis, Homo primigenius asiaticus, Homo neanderthalensis soloensis, Homo sapiens soloensis, Homo erectus erectus, and, finally, plain Homo erectus.[qh]
隨后幾年,隨著越來越多的化石被發現和確認,一系列新的命名也相繼出現:奧瑞納人、特蘭斯瓦爾南方古猿、巨齒傍人、鮑氏東非人,以及幾十種其他的類型。所有這些幾乎都延伸出一個新的屬或是新的種。到20世紀50年代,被命名的人種動物名稱已達100種以上。惟恐天下不亂,許多名稱又隨著古人類學家對分類的提煉、修正和爭吵不休而被冠以一連串別的名稱。梭羅人就曾分別被稱做人屬梭羅人、亞洲原始人、尼安德特梭羅亞種、智人梭羅亞種、直立人直立亞種——最后被簡單地稱為直立人。[qh]
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contingent [kən'tindʒənt]

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adj. 可能性,經驗主義的,不可預知的,附帶的

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tactical ['tæktikəl]

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adj. 戰術上的,戰術性的,足智多謀的

 
impressive [im'presiv]

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adj. 給人深刻印象的

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solo ['səuləu]

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n. 獨奏,獨唱
adj. 單獨的

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determined [di'tə:mind]

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adj. 堅毅的,下定決心的

 
harbor ['hɑ:bə]

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n. 海港,避難所
vt. 庇護,心懷,窩藏<

 
species ['spi:ʃiz]

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n. (單復同)物種,種類

 
pearl [pə:l]

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n. 珍珠
v. (用珍珠)裝飾,呈珍珠狀

 
maximize ['mæksimaiz]

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v. 取 ... 最大值,最佳化,對 ... 極為重視

 
refined [ri'faind]

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adj. 精煉的,優雅的,精細的 v. 精煉,凈化,使

 
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