評論
打印
Leaders
來源于《社論》版塊
Libya
利比亞
A country apart
四分五裂的國家
How to put Libya together
如何把利比亞團結起來
“If the sun lost its gravity, its gases would explode and its unity would no longer exist. Accordingly, unity is the basis for survival. Muammar Qaddafi’s “Green Book”, his rambling political manifesto, is full of pabulum. But the former Libyan dictator was right about the importance of unity, something his country has sorely lacked since he was killed in a revolution in 2011.
“如果太陽失去引力，氣體就會爆炸，統一性就不復存在。”因此，團結是生存的基礎。穆阿邁爾•卡扎菲雜亂無章的政治宣言《綠皮書》是滿滿的精神食糧。但這位利比亞前獨裁者對團結的重要性的看法是正確的，自2011年他在一場革命中喪生以來，利比亞一直嚴重缺乏團結。
Libya has been mired in conflict ever since, creating a jihadist playground and a jumping-off point for migrants desperate to reach Europe. The latest fighting pits the "government of national accord" (GNA) in Tripoli against the self-styled Libyan National Army (LNA), under Khalifa Haftar, which rules by fear in the east and south. The UN was trying to bring them together when he at-tacked Tripoli in April—while the secretary-general was in town.
自那以后，利比亞就陷入了沖突的泥潭，為渴望進入歐洲的移民創造了一個圣戰分子的樂園和出發點。在最近的戰斗中，的黎波里的“民族團結政府”與哈里發•哈夫塔領導下的自封的利比亞國民軍展開對抗。當聯合國秘書長還在的黎波里時，他于4月襲擊了的黎波里，當時聯合國正試圖將他們團結起來。
Peace is a distant prospect. But the West has an interest and a responsibility to help repair Libya. NATO members led by Britain and France supported the revolution with air strikes—then watched as the country sank into chaos. Barack Obama says that failing to plan for the day after Qaddafi was the "biggest mistake" of his presidency. America and Europe can start to fix that omission by putting their weight behind a UN-led peace process.
和平是一個遙遠的前景。但西方有興趣也有責任幫助修復利比亞。以英國和法國為首的北約成員國以空襲支持革命，然后眼睜睜地看著這個國家陷入混亂。巴拉克•奧巴馬表示，未能為卡扎菲下臺后的第二天做好計劃是他總統任期內的“最大錯誤”。美國和歐洲可以通過支持聯合國主導的和平進程來彌補這一遺漏。
Mr Haftar believes that Libya can be stabilised only by a strongman (himself, naturally). Some foreign powers seem to agree. Egypt, France, Russia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have supported him. America has flirted with him. But their calculus is flawed. Mr Haftar needed three years just to take Benghazi, the country’s second city, which he flattened in the attempt. In April the LNA said that it would take days to capture Tripoli, but today it is still fighting—and losing ground. The militias of Misrata, who are stronger foes, lie in wait for him. Far from stabilising Libya, Mr Haftar is sowing more chaos.
哈夫塔認為，利比亞的穩定只能靠一個鐵腕人物(當然是他自己)。一些外國勢力似乎也同意這一觀點。法國、俄羅斯和阿聯酋都支持他。美國已經向他示好。但他們的打算是有缺陷的。哈夫塔花了三年時間才拿下班加西，班加西是利比亞第二大城市，在他的努力下，班加西被夷為平地。四月，利比亞國家通訊社曾表示，奪取的黎波里需要幾天的時間，但今天，它仍在戰斗，并在節節敗退。米蘇拉塔的民兵是更強大的敵人，他們埋伏在那里等待他。哈夫塔非但沒有穩定利比亞局勢，反而在制造更多的混亂。
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