Following terror attacks in France and the US, presidential hopeful Donald Trump called for Muslims to be barred from entering the United States. This form of controversial rhetoric has been a consistent theme during the Trump campaign. Some, including Jeb Bush's national security advisor, are suggesting that his political ideology resembles fascism. So, we wanted to know, is Donald Trump actually a fascist?
在法國和美國發生恐怖襲擊之后，總統候選人唐納德·特朗普呼吁禁止穆斯林進入美國。在特朗普競選期間，這種有爭議的言論是一個永恒的主題。國家安全顧問杰布·布什等人暗示他的政治意識形態類似于法西斯主義。那么，我們想知道，唐納德·特朗普真的是法西斯主義者嗎？
Well, the problem with identifying a fascist is that the label is applied to a huge number of differing political theories. It was actually Italy's Benito Mussolini who's considered the founder of fascism. In a nutshell, the ideology is based on strengthening a country through extreme nationalism, a powerful leader, and the exclusion of "weaker" groups.
那么，識別法西斯主義者的問題在于該標簽適用于大量不同的政治理論。法西斯的創始人其實是意大利的貝尼托·墨索里尼。簡而言之，其意識形態的基礎是通過極端民族主義、強大的領導者以及排斥“弱勢”群體來使國家強大。
An essay by Italian philosopher, Umberto Eco, distinguishes fourteen characteristics which are found in fascism, and which have been the subject of accusations against Donald Trump. Eco says that fascism relies on a cult of tradition, while rejecting modernism. In many ways, new ideas are seen as the beginning of modern depravity; that with a breakdown in moral and traditional order comes chaos.
意大利哲學家安伯托·艾柯的一篇文章區分了法西斯中的十四個特征，這些特征也一直是指控唐納德·特朗普的主題。艾柯說，法西斯主義依賴于對傳統的崇拜，同時拒絕接受現代主義。在許多方面，新觀念被視為現代墮落的開端；它伴隨著道德和傳統秩序的崩潰、混亂。
It's then unsurprising that even Trump's slogan, "Make America Great Again" plays in line with traditionalism. And his fear of things like the internet speaks to the fascist fear of modern depravity.
那么，即便是特朗普的口號“讓美國再次強大”與傳統主義一致，也就不足為奇了。他對互聯網等事物的恐懼也呼應了法西斯對現代墮落的恐懼。
Another hallmark of fascism is anti-intellectualism. In this way, knowledgeable criticism is not only ignored, but ridiculed. Trump says that he is "very smart", but he has also suggested that knowing things doesn't make you a good leader.
法西斯主義的另一個標志是反智主義。通過這種方式，知識淵博的批評不僅被忽視，甚至還被嘲笑。特朗普說他“非常聰明”，但他也認為，知道很多東西并不能讓你成為一個好的領導者。
Further characteristics are based on the idea that dissent and diversity are bad, and they weaken discourse and society. Almost by definition, Eco says that fascism is racist, or at the very least "anti-diversity".
法西斯更進一步的特點，是認為有不同意見和具有多樣性是不好的，它們削弱了話語和社會。幾乎顧名思義，艾柯說，法西斯主義是種族主義者，或至少是“反多樣性”。
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