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The F.A.A., in its approval of the plane, did not require training on the software,
聯(lián)邦航空局在批準(zhǔn)這架飛機(jī)時(shí)，并沒(méi)有要求對(duì)該軟件進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，
a sign that regulators did not see the system as critical for pilots to understand.
這一跡象表明，監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)并不認(rèn)為該系統(tǒng)重要到飛行員需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行了解。
Nor did the F.A.A. require pilots who could fly the predecessor 737 to train on a simulator in order to fly the Max.
聯(lián)邦航空局也沒(méi)有要求能夠駕駛之前的737的飛行員在駕駛這一新機(jī)型之前在模擬器上進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。
Most pilots did not know about MCAS until after the Lion Air crash.
大多數(shù)飛行員都是獅航墜機(jī)后才知道MCAS系統(tǒng)的。
The regulators also approved the software to be triggered after receiving data from only one so-called angle-of-attack sensor.
監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)還批準(zhǔn)，該軟件只需要一個(gè)所謂的攻角傳感器接收到數(shù)據(jù)就可以觸發(fā)。
The decision allowed for the system to have a single point of potential failure, a rarity in aviation safety.
這一決定就導(dǎo)致該系統(tǒng)只承認(rèn)一個(gè)潛在故障點(diǎn)，這在航空安全領(lǐng)域是十分罕見(jiàn)的。
Most important safety systems include redundancy.
大多數(shù)重要的安全系統(tǒng)都含有冗余設(shè)計(jì)。
The coming software fix by Boeing will require data from both of the plane’s angle-of-attack sensors, among other changes, according to pilots and lawmakers.
據(jù)飛行員和議員們透露，波音即將進(jìn)行的軟件修復(fù)就需要兩個(gè)攻擊角傳感器的數(shù)據(jù)，除此之外軟件還做了其他一些改變。
Certifying the 737 Max was a collaborative effort between the F.A.A. and Boeing.
認(rèn)證737 Max這項(xiàng)工作是聯(lián)邦航空局和波音公司的共同責(zé)任。
The regulator for decades has relied on employees at aircraft manufacturers to assist in the review process.
數(shù)十年來(lái)，該監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)一直依賴飛機(jī)制造商的員工來(lái)協(xié)助審查過(guò)程。
In 2005, the F.A.A. delegated more authority to companies,
2005年，聯(lián)邦航空管理局提升了企業(yè)方的權(quán)力，
allowing manufacturers like Boeing to select their own employees who would help with certification work.
允許波音這樣的制造商選擇他們自己的員工來(lái)協(xié)助認(rèn)證工作。
And the 737 Max, which started going through certification process in 2012,
2012年開(kāi)始認(rèn)證的737 Max，
was one of the first passenger jets to be approved under this new program.
是在新規(guī)定下通過(guò)的第一批客機(jī)之一。
In regards to the F.A.A. inquiry, a spokesman for the Transportation Department’s Office of Inspector General
關(guān)于聯(lián)邦航空局的調(diào)查，運(yùn)輸部監(jiān)察長(zhǎng)辦公室發(fā)言人表示，
said the office was “currently developing the scope and objectives of our review”
他們“目前正在制定這次審查的范圍和目標(biāo)”，
and expected “to formally announce and begin our audit work as soon as possible.”
他們也期望“能盡快正式宣布并開(kāi)始我們的審計(jì)工作。”
The F.A.A. declined to comment on Tuesday.
周二，聯(lián)邦航空局拒絕置評(píng)。
The agency has said that its “aircraft certification processes are well established and have consistently produced safe aircraft designs,”
他們還表示，他們的“飛機(jī)認(rèn)證程序是很成熟的，也一直在輸出安全的飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)，”
and that the certification of the Max “followed the F.A.A.’s standard certification process.”
而Max的認(rèn)證“也是按照聯(lián)邦航空管理局的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)證程序認(rèn)證的。”
For regulators, outsourcing part of the review process was a way to stretch their resources.
對(duì)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)，將部分審查程序外包出去可以拓展資源。
For American plane manufacturers like Boeing,
而對(duì)波音這樣的美國(guó)飛機(jī)制造商來(lái)說(shuō)，
it was critical for speeding up the regulatory process, as they try to compete with foreign rivals.
在有外國(guó)對(duì)手競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的情況下，加快監(jiān)管進(jìn)程至關(guān)重要。
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