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TED十佳演講之幕后揭秘 伊麗莎白·吉爾伯特談呵護創造力及減輕創作壓力(4)

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And that search has led me to ancient Greece and ancient Rome.
這一尋找最后把我帶到了古希臘和古羅馬。
So stay with me, because it does circle around and back.
所以請耐心聽我講,因為最后會繞回到我們的問題。
But, ancient Greece and ancient Rome -- people did not happen to believe that creativity came from human beings back then, OK?
在古希臘和古羅馬,人們并不認為創造力來自于人類本身。
People believed that creativity was this divine attendant spirit that came to human beings from some distant and unknowable source, for distant and unknowable reasons.
人們相信,創造力是一種神圣的守護精靈,從遙遠而不可知的地方來到藝術家身邊,帶著某種遙遠而不可知的目的。
The Greeks famously called these divine attendant spirits of creativity "daemons."
希臘人普遍地稱這種伴隨著創造力的守護精靈為“守護神”。
Socrates, famously, believed that he had a daemon who spoke wisdom to him from afar.
當時人們普遍地認為蘇格拉底就有這樣一個守護神,從遠處賦予他智慧。
The Romans had the same idea, but they called that sort of disembodied creative spirit a genius.
古羅馬人有著相似的觀點,他們把這種無形的創造精靈稱為“天才”。
Which is great, because the Romans did not actually think that a genius was a particularly clever individual.
這種觀點很妙,因為羅馬人并沒有認為“天才”是某個特別聰慧的個人。

伊麗莎白·吉爾伯特談呵護創造力及減輕創作壓力.png

They believed that a genius was this, sort of magical divine entity, who was believed to literally live in the walls of an artist's studio,

他們認為“天才”是某種奇妙的神圣存在,他們甚至認為“天才”居住在藝術家工作室的墻壁中,
kind of like Dobby the house elf, and who would come out and sort of invisibly assist the artist with their work and would shape the outcome of that work.
就像小精靈多比一樣,它們會悄悄地鉆出來,無形地幫助藝術家創作,并影響作品成敗。
So brilliant -- there it is, right there, that distance that I'm talking about --
這個觀點簡直絕了,這就是我在找尋的那個安全距離,
that psychological construct to protect you from the results of your work.
這就是讓人免受作品成敗影響的心理保護機制。
And everyone knew that this is how it functioned, right?
我們都可以理解它的運作模式,不是嗎?
So the ancient artist was protected from certain things, like, for example, too much narcissism, right?
古代藝術家由這個觀點而得到保護,避免了過度自戀。
If your work was brilliant, you couldn't take all the credit for it, everybody knew that you had this disembodied genius who had helped you.
如果你的作品很偉大,那可不能完全歸功于你,因為大家都知道你是在一個無形的“天才”幫助下完成作品的。
If your work bombed, not entirely your fault, you know? Everyone knew your genius was kind of lame.
如果你的作品很爛,同樣也不全是你的錯,人人都知道那是因為你的“天才”很差勁。
And this is how people thought about creativity in the West for a really long time.
這就是西方人在過去很長一段時間里看待創作力的方式。
And then the Renaissance came and everything changed, and we had this big idea, and the big idea was,
接著文藝復興來臨,一切都變了,人們產生了一個偉大的想法:
let's put the individual human being at the center of the universe above all gods and mysteries,
“讓我們把人類置于宇宙中心,超越眾神和神秘未知”,
and there's no more room for mystical creatures who take dictation from the divine.
于是再也沒有空間留給傳遞神圣意志的小精靈。
And it's the beginning of rational humanism, and people started to believe that creativity came completely from the self of the individual.
這就是理性人文主義的開端,人們開始相信創造力完全來源于人類個體本身。
And for the first time in history, you start to hear people referring to this or that artist as being a genius, rather than having a genius.
有史以來,人們第一次將某個藝術家稱為“天才”,而非擁有一個“天才”。

重點單詞   查看全部解釋    
spoke [spəuk]

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v. 說,說話,演說

 
divine [di'vain]

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adj. 神的,神圣的
vt. 推斷

 
assist [ə'sist]

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n. 幫助,協助,協助的器械
vt. 幫助,協

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construct [kən'strʌkt]

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vt. 構筑,建造
n. 構想

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universe ['ju:nivə:s]

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n. 宇宙,萬物,世界

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fault [fɔ:lt]

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n. 缺點,過失,故障,毛病,過錯,[地]斷層

 
attendant [ə'tendənt]

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adj. 伴隨的
n. 服務員,侍從,伴隨物,

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psychological [.saikə'lɔdʒikəl]

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adj. 心理(學)的

 
entity ['entiti]

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n. 存在,實體

 
creative [kri'eitiv]

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adj. 創造性的

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